背景：了解影响个体健康决策的因素是一个动态的研究问题。特别是,在中国宣布放松对COVID-19疫情的管制后，健康风险迅速升级。“不再受控制”的病毒和信息流行病的融合创造了一个独特的社会时期，在此期间，多种因素可能会影响人们的决策。在这些因素中,老年人的预防意图，作为一个易受影响的健康团体，值得特别注意。
目的：本研究旨在探讨老年人从事预防行为的意向及其影响因素，包括社会,媒体,和个人因素，在继后时代的背景下。借鉴沟通的结构影响模型，本研究检验了3种不同类型媒体曝光在认知和结构社会资本与保护行为意向之间的潜在中介作用,以及负面情绪在社会资本和媒体曝光之间的调节作用。
方法：在本研究中，网络调查被用来收集自我报告的社会资本定量数据，媒体曝光,负面情绪,以及在中国60岁以上（N=399）的老年人中预防COVID-19的意图。
结果：结果表明，认知社会资本显著影响保护行为意图（P<.001）。手机暴露发挥了额外的影响作用(P<.001)。相比之下,报纸、广播和电视暴露介导了结构性社会资本对保护行为意向的影响(P<.001)。此外，负面情绪在认知社会资本与手机暴露的关系中起调节作用(P<.001)。
结论：这项研究表明，在各种媒体渠道中使用量身定制的传播策略可以有效地提高应对中国主要流行病的老年人的健康意识。考虑到他们多样化的社会资本特征和情绪状态。
BACKGROUND: Understanding the factors influencing individuals\' health decisions is a dynamic research question. Particularly, after
China announced the deregulation of the COVID-19 epidemic, health risks escalated rapidly. The convergence of \"no longer controlled\" viruses and the infodemic has created a distinctive social period during which multiple factors may have influenced people\'s decision-making. Among these factors, the precautionary intentions of older individuals, as a susceptible health group, deserve special attention.
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the intention of older adults to engage in preventive behaviors and the influencing factors, including social, media, and individual factors, within the context of the postepidemic era. Drawing upon the structural influence model of communication, this study tests the potential mediating roles of 3 different types of media exposure between cognitive and structural social capital and protective behavior intention, as well as the moderating role of negative emotions between social capital and media exposure.
METHODS: In this study, a web survey was used to collect self-reported quantitative data on social capital, media exposure, negative emotions, and the intention to prevent COVID-19 among older adults aged ≥60 years (N=399) in
China.
RESULTS: The results indicate that cognitive social capital significantly influenced protective behavior intention (P<.001), with cell phone exposure playing an additional impactful role (P<.001). By contrast, newspaper and radio exposure and television exposure mediated the influence of structural social capital on protective behavior intention (P<.001). Furthermore, negative emotions played a moderating role in the relationship between cognitive social capital and cell phone exposure (P<.001).
CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that using tailored communication strategies across various media channels can effectively raise health awareness among older adults dealing with major pandemics in
China, considering their diverse social capital characteristics and emotional states.
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