泛湿地系统是世界上重要的生产力生态系统之一,独特而复杂的生态系统。KhakheaBray跨界含水层地区临时平底锅周围的人为活动日益成为一个令人关注的大问题，因为这可能会影响泛生物多样性。该研究专门旨在调查与土地利用有关的平底锅内金属和养分浓度的时空分布，确定这个缺水地区的潜在污染源，并使用三个季节的10个平底锅的多变量分析组合来评估与平底锅化学有关的大型无脊椎动物多样性和分布。环境和人为变量会影响水质和Khakhea-Braypan系统中金属浓度的分布。动物放牧等人为活动，基础设施退化，取水和乱扔垃圾导致临时锅内水质不佳，这可能会强烈影响大型无脊椎动物的多样性和分布。来自5种昆虫目的41种大型无脊椎动物（即，鞘翅目,半翅目,Odonata,星翅目,双翅目),确定了甲壳动物和软体动物。在大型无脊椎动物分类群的季节中观察到显着差异，在秋季和冬季观察到高和低物种丰富度，分别。水(即，温度,溶解氧,pH值,盐度,电导率)，物理(即，石头成分)和沉积物(即，硫磺,发现钠）参数对大型无脊椎动物群落有重大影响。因此,了解大型无脊椎动物及其环境之间的关系对于了解生态系统分类单元的结构至关重要，并且对于告知保护管理者如何正确管理和保护这些系统免受进一步退化至关重要。
Pan-wetland systems are one of the world\'s essential and productive ecosystems and are considered important, unique and complex ecosystems. Anthropogenic activities around the temporary pans in the Khakhea Bray Transboundary Aquifer region are increasingly becoming a big issue of concern as this may affect pan biodiversity. The study specifically aimed to investigate spatial and temporal distributions of metal and nutrient concentrations within the pans in relation to land use, identify potential pollution sources in this water-scarce region, and assess macroinvertebrate diversity and distribution in relation to pan limnochemistry using a combination of multivariate analyses from 10 pans across three seasons. Environmental and anthropogenic variables influence water quality and the distribution of metals concentration in Khakhea-Bray pan systems. Anthropogenic activities such as animal grazing, infrastructure degradation, water withdrawal and littering have resulted in poor water quality within temporary pans, which may strongly influence macroinvertebrate diversity and distribution. Forty-one macroinvertebrate species from 5 insect orders (i.e., Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Odonata, Ephemeroptera, Diptera), Crustacea and Mollusca were identified. Significant differences were observed across the seasons for macroinvertebrate taxa, with high and low species richness being observed in autumn and winter, respectively. Water (i.e., temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, conductivity), physical (i.e., stone composition) and sediment (i.e., sulphur, sodium) parameters were found to have a significant impact on the macroinvertebrate communities. Therefore, understanding the relationships between macroinvertebrates and their environment is crucial in understanding how the ecosystem taxa are structured and is vital for informing conservation managers on how to properly manage and protect these systems from further degradation.
