目的:高海拔的特点是低氧压,导致多个自适应响应。在高原生活了几千年的藏族人形成了独特的表型,如通过EPAS1和EGLN1基因突变下调HIF通路。然而,缺氧环境下血红蛋白-氧亲和力的变化仍然难以捉摸。
方法:使用血细胞分析仪和血氧分析仪进行常规血液测试,并测量快速进入高原(3-7天)的汉族人群的氧亲和力P50,高原适应的汉族人口(在高原上居住30天),高原汉族人口(高原上10年以上),和西藏人口。
结果:快速进入高原的汉族人群P50值增加,红细胞计数和血红蛋白(HGB)水平,虽然适应了汉族人口,高原汉族和藏族的P50值均明显降低。然而,高原汉族之间的红细胞计数和HGB水平没有显着差异,藏族人口和汉族人口的平原。
结论:藏族和高原汉族人群对高原的适应性主要是由于HGB对氧气的亲和力强,为组织和器官提供足够的氧气。
结论:P50的变化可能是适应高原和避免高原反应的特征,如高原红细胞增多症和呼吸困难。
OBJECTIVE: High altitude is characterized by low oxygen pressure, resulting in multiple adaptive responses. Tibetans who have lived in the plateau for thousands of years have developed unique phenotypes, such as downregulation of the HIF pathway through EPAS1 and EGLN1 gene mutation. However, the changes of hemoglobin-oxygen affinity under hypoxia environment remain elusive.
METHODS: A blood cell analyzer and a blood oxygen analyzer were used to conduct routine blood tests and measure the oxygen affinity P50 in in the Han population that rapidly entered the plateau (for 3-7 days), the plateau-acclimatized Han population (residing for 30 days on the plateau), the plateau Han population (more than 10 years on the plateau), and the Tibetan population.
RESULTS: The Han population that rapidly entered the plateau had increasing higher P50 values, RBCs counts and hemoglobin (HGB) levels, while the acclimatized Han population, the plateau Han population and Tibetan all had significantly lower P50 values. However, there were no significant differences in the RBCs counts and HGB levels between the plateau Han, Tibetan populations and the Han population of the plains.
CONCLUSIONS: The adaptability of the Tibetan and plateau Han populations to the plateau was mainly due to the strong affinity of HGB for oxygen, which provided sufficient oxygen for tissues and organs.
CONCLUSIONS: The change of P50 could be a feature of the adaptation to the plateau and to avoid altitude sickness, such as high-altitude polycythemia and dyspnea.