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UNASSIGNED: Obstruction is a common complication of advanced colorectal cancer. This study was aimed at investigating the safety, efficacy, and feasibility of transcatheter arterial perfusion chemotherapy combined with lipiodol chemoembolization for treating advanced colorectal cancer complicated by obstruction.
UNASSIGNED: This retrospective analysis was conducted using clinical data of patients with advanced colorectal cancer who received arterial infusion chemotherapy combined with lipiodol chemoembolization treatment at our center. Treatment efficacy was evaluated in terms of obstruction-free survival and overall survival, and treatment complications were monitored.
UNASSIGNED: Fifty-four patients with colorectal cancer complicated by obstruction were included. All patients successfully underwent transcatheter arterial infusion combined with lipiodol chemoembolization treatment. The average lipiodol dose administered was 2.62 ± 1.45 ml (0.5-5.5 ml). No serious complications such as perforation or tumor dissemination occurred. The clinical success rate was 83.3% (45/54). One month after treatment, the objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were 66.67% and 88.9%, respectively. The median obstruction-free survival was 5.0 months. No serious adverse events occurred. As of the last follow-up, 6 patients survived, 44 died, and 4 were lost to follow-up.
UNASSIGNED: Our findings revealed that transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy combined with lipiodol chemoembolization is safe and effective for treating advanced colorectal cancer complicated by obstruction. It may serve as a new treatment strategy for patients with advanced colorectal cancer complicated by obstruction.

This case report describes an 80-year-old female patient admitted to the emergency department due to abdominal distension, abdominal pain, and hematemesis persisting for three days. Subsequent postoperative pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of peritoneal cancer. The occurrence, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of primary peritoneal cancer (PPC) are presented in detail. PPC is a type of cancer originating from the primary peritoneal mesothelium organization, causing diffuse malignant tumors in the abdominal and pelvic regions. Due to the lack of specific clinical manifestations for this disease, the importance of early diagnosis and treatment is hereby emphasized. The article also mentions the histological source of this type of cancer and the advantages of preoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy in improving the efficacy of PPC treatment. Finally, the importance of a comprehensive treatment approach and proficient use of targeted therapy techniques are highlighted to enhance the treatment outcomes of PPC.

UNASSIGNED: Left brachiocephalic vein (LBV) obstruction is a common complication in patients undergoing hemodialysis. This study aimed to compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with LBV obstruction who underwent percutaneous angioplasty or stenting.
UNASSIGNED: We performed a retrospective study of 67 hemodialysis patients with LBV stenosis or occlusion who underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA; n = 25) or percutaneous transluminal stenting (PTS; n = 42). We compared the clinical characteristics, lesion features, and patency between the two groups of patients.
UNASSIGNED: The average age, sex, smoking history, body mass index, obstruction period, comorbidities, and clinical manifestations were comparable between the PTA and PTS groups. Prior ipsilateral catheterization was less common in the PTS group than in the PTA group (14.3% vs 36.0%, p < 0.05). Smaller sized balloons were used in the PTS group than in the PTA group (p < 0.05). The overall primary patency rates were similar between the two groups, whereas the secondary patency rate in the PTS group was higher than that in the PTA group (p < 0.05). The average age, sex, smoking history, body mass index, obstruction period, prior ipsilateral catheterization, comorbidities, and types of lesions were comparable between patients with or without restenosis, while patients with restenosis had a higher percentage of high venous pressure than those without restenosis (87.5% vs 60.5%, p < 0.05).
UNASSIGNED: The primary patency rates were similar in the angioplasty and the stenting groups. Stenting has a significantly higher secondary patency rate than angioplasty alone for treating LBV obstruction and is required more commonly in patients without prior ipsilateral catheterization.

Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) and sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) are two major vascular disorders of the liver, of which both can cause portal hypertension related complications, but their locations of obstruction are different. BCS refers to the obstruction from the hepatic vein to the junction between the inferior vena cava and right atrium, which is the major etiology of post-sinusoidal portal hypertension; by comparison, SOS is characterized as the obstruction at the level of hepatic sinusoids and terminal venulae, which is a cause of sinusoidal portal hypertension. Both of them can cause hepatic congestion with life-threatening complications, especially acute liver failure and chronic portal hypertension, and share some similar features in terms of imaging and clinical presentations, but they have heterogeneous risk factors, management strategy, and prognosis. Herein, this paper reviews the current evidence and then summarizes the difference between primary BCS and SOS in terms of risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment.

Compared with railway communication service requirements on the mainline, requirements in hotspots such as stations and yards are more complicated in terms of service types as well as bandwidth, of which railway-dedicated mobile communication systems such as 5G-R facilitated with dedicated frequency support cannot meet the entire communication requirements. Therefore, other radio-communication technologies need to be adopted as a supplement, among which the mmWave communication system is a promising technology, especially for large bandwidth communication between train and trackside. However, there is a lack of evaluation of the 28 GHz mmWave channel characteristics for the railway marshaling yard scenario. In this paper, the railway marshaling yard mmWave propagation scenario is deeply analyzed and classified into three typical categories, based on which, a measurement campaign is conducted using an SDR channel sounding system equipped with a 28 GHz mmWave phased-array antenna. A self-developed software under the LabVIEW platform is used to derive the channel parameters. Conclusions on the relationship between the parameters of MPC numbers, time-spread, and received power and position, as well as the impact of typical obstructions such as the Catenary, adjacent locomotives, and buildings are drawn. The statistical results and conclusions of this paper are helpful for facilitating the design and performance evaluation of future mmWave communication systems for railway marshaling yards and can also be further extended and applied to the research of mmWave utilization in 6G and other future communication technologies for more scenarios.

BACKGROUND: Jackstone is a rare entity of calculi in urinary tracts and has the characteristic appearance resembling toy jacks. They are nearly always reported to occur in the urinary bladder, we first report a rare case of jackstone located in the obstructed renal calyx.
METHODS: We report a 46-year-old man presenting with intermittent, painless gross hematuria and left flank pain. Urinary computed tomography revealed staghorn stones and secondary hydronephrosis. A jackstone with radiating branches was found in one of the dilated renal calyx. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy was performed and endoscopic images were recorded during the operation. Postoperative stone composition analysis revealed it as calcium oxalate monohydrate stones.
CONCLUSIONS: Jackstones can occur in the renal collecting system besides the bladder. The unique appearance and imaging manifestations are the most important factors in the diagnosis of jackstones, and further exploration of the formation mechanism is required.

Adenoid hypertrophy (AH) is an obstructive condition due to enlarged adenoids, causing mouth breathing, nasal blockage, snoring and/or restless sleep. While reliable diagnostic techniques, such as lateral soft tissue x-ray imaging or flexible nasopharyngoscopy, have been widely adopted in general practice, the actual impact of airway obstruction on nasal airflow and inhalation exposure to drug aerosols remains largely unknown. In this study, the effects of adenoid hypertrophy on airflow and micron particle inhalation exposure characteristics were analysed by virtually comparing pre- and postoperative models based on a realistic 3-year-old nasal airway with AH. More specifically, detailed comparison focused on anatomical shape variations, overall airflow and olfactory ventilation, associated particle deposition in overall and local regions were conducted. Our results indicate that the enlarged adenoid tissue can significantly alter the airflow fields. By virtually removing the enlarged tissue and restoring the airway, peak velocity and wall shear stress were restored, and olfactory ventilation was considerably improved (with a 16∼63% improvement in terms of local ventilation speed). Furthermore, particle deposition results revealed that nasal airway with AH exhibits higher particle filtration tendency with densely packed deposition hot spots being observed along the floor region and enlarged adenoid tissue area. While for the postoperative model, the deposition curve was shifted to the right. The local deposition efficiency results demonstrated that more particles with larger inertia can be delivered to the targeted affected area following Adenoidectomy (Adenoid Removal). Research findings are expected to provide scientific evidence for adenoidectomy planning and aerosol therapy following Adenoidectomy, which can substantially improve present clinical treatment outcomes.

Esophageal Carcinoma (EC) is one of the most aggressive gastrointestinal cancers. Advanced esophageal carcinoma is associated mainly with dysphagia which reduces the quality of life and leads to frail in patients even difficult to tolerate systemic treatments such as surgery and chemoradiotherapy. Moreover, chemoradiotherapy(CRT)cannot relieve dysphagia in a short time especially for the elderly patient with comorbidities. Here, we report a 76-year-old female patient diagnosed with severe obstructive esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) that endoscope could not pass through. She was also complicated with bilateral interstitial pneumonia and moderate pulmonary ventilation dysfunction. The patient was unable to undergo surgery and radical CRT. After multidisciplinary team (MDT) discussion, we gave the patient photodynamic therapy (PDT) treatment firstly. The obstruction was significantly improved within 1 week and normal diet was resumed after 2 weeks. Four weeks later, considering bilateral interstitial pneumonia, concurrent dose-reduction chemoradiotherapy was given for esophageal lesions and abdominal metastatic lymph nodes. There was no recurrence and progression in the esophagus and abdominal lymph nodes until now and the biopsy of the primary esophageal lesion showed pathologic complete response. Now, the patient is still under regular follow-up.

OBJECTIVE: This study surveyed the current practice of surgical treatment of obstructive left-sided colon cancer (OLCC) in China.
METHODS: All colorectal surgery departments at tertiary or secondary hospitals in China were invited to complete a web-based questionnaire between August 27 and September 2, 2020.
RESULTS: Overall, completed questionnaire were received from 357 hospitals. Emergency surgery was the mainstay of treatment for OLCC, with the open approach accounting for up to 61.62%. The stoma rate of emergency surgery was up to 80%, mainly due to inadequate bowel preparation and severe edema of colon walls. Hartmann\'s procedure (61.62%) was the most preferred operation. A total of 243 hospitals (68.7%) reported that they would consider the use of a self-expanding metallic stent (SEMS) as a bridge for elective surgery. More than 50% of the hospitals participating in this study reported the success rate of SEMS placement, as well as the resolution rate of obstruction more than 80%, and the stent-related perforation rate was < 5%. A total of 126 hospitals considered carrying out a strategy of SEMS followed by neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to elective surgery and believed that it might further improve treatment outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS: SEMS is a feasible option for the treatment of OLCC in addition to traditional emergency surgery, and its clinical benefits have been preliminarily recognized.