目的:次优的食物选择会导致多种非传染性疾病(NCDs)的风险,可以通过改善饮食质量来减轻这种风险。食物消费模式可能部分解释了中国人口亚组NCD风险的变化。这项研究旨在评估观察到的中国饮食与饮食相关的非传染性疾病的风险,并通过遵守某些饮食建议来评估NCD风险的潜在降低。
方法:使用剂量反应荟萃分析得出3种与饮食相关的非传染性疾病和15种食物的摄入量之间的相对风险。使用2011年中国健康与营养调查的12,809名成年人的24小时饮食召回数据来估计非传染性疾病的饮食相关风险(SRs)。中国的12个省分为5个地区,按年龄分层,性别,超重状态,教育,收入,和城市化。推荐饮食采用中国膳食指南-2016(CDG-2016)和EAT-Lancet饮食。
结果:SR和性别之间的关联,年龄,教育水平,收入水平,并观察到城市化。SR和超重状态之间没有发现关联。与所有地区中观察到的饮食相比,这两种饮食建议的SR都较低。在中国,与饮食相关的非传染性疾病的SRs变化的主要原因是红肉和精制谷物的高消费量,和低消费的全谷物,水果,和豆类。
结论:为了解决饮食相关非传染性疾病风险的异质性,专注于特定地区的饮食实践对于中国人口来说势在必行,为了提出量身定制的指导,以坚持饮食建议。
OBJECTIVE: Sub-optimal food choices contribute to the risk of multiple non-communicable diseases (NCDs) which can be mitigated by improving diet quality. Food consumption patterns may partly account for variation of NCD risks in population subgroups in
China. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of diet-related NCDs of observed Chinese diets, and to assess the potential reduction in NCD risks by adhering to certain diet recommendations.
METHODS: Dose-response meta-analyses were used to derive relative risks between three diet-related NCDs and consumption of 15 food groups. 24-h dietary recall data of 12,809 adults from the 2011
China Health and Nutrition Survey were used to estimate the diet-related summed risks (SRs) of NCDs. Twelve Chinese provinces were aggregated into five regions, and stratified by age, gender, overweight status, education, income, and urbanicity. The Chinese Dietary Guideline-2016 (CDG-2016) and the EAT-Lancet diet were used as recommended diets.
RESULTS: Associations between SRs and gender, age, educational level, income level, and urbanicity were observed. No association was found between SRs and overweight status. Both diet recommendations have lower SRs compared to observed diets among all regions. The food groups that contributed most to the variation of the SRs of diet-related NCDs in
China were high consumption of red meat and refined grains, and low consumption of whole grains, fruits, and legumes.
CONCLUSIONS: To address the heterogeneity in diet-related NCD risks, focusing on region-specific dietary practical is imperative for Chinese population, in order to propose tailored guidance to adhere to diet recommendations.