目的:分析近视患病率的变化及其与眼部生物学参数的关系,以及中国小学生的行为,了解近视的预防和控制。
方法:对7-9岁儿童进行横断面调查。2012年和2019年。此外,球面等效折射(SER),轴向长度(AL),并收集AL/角膜半径比(AL/CR比),不伴有睫状肌麻痹。参与者完成了与近视相关的行为的详细问卷。
结果:收集了2012年623名儿童(8.02±0.57岁)和2019年536名学生(8.09±0.65岁)的数据。2012年近视患病率为37.7%,2019年为39.9%。2012年SER为-0.25(0.92)D,2019年为-0.25(1.25)。7年间近视患病率和SER比较差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。2019年,女孩近视患病率呈上升趋势(33.8%vs.37.8%),但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。男生AL和AL/CR比值均呈下降趋势(均P<0.05)。2019组每天上课后阅读时间超过2h和使用数码设备超过2h的儿童比例均有所下降(均P<0.05)。然而,户外活动超过2小时的比例。/day显著降低(P=0.001)。
结论:与2012年相比,2019年小学生近视患病率得到控制,这可能与改善儿童的近距离工作行为有关,但是存在户外活动时间不足的问题。就眼部生物学参数而言,2019年男孩近视风险较低。
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the changes in the prevalence of myopia and its relation to ocular biological parameters, and behaviors among primary school students in
China, and understand the prevention and control of myopia.
METHODS: Cross-sectional surveys were performed on 7-9-year-old children in the yrs. 2012 and 2019. In addition, spherical equivalent refraction (SER), axial length (AL), and AL/corneal radius ratio (AL/CR ratio) were collected without cycloplegia. Participants completed detailed questionnaires on behavior related to myopia.
RESULTS: Data was collected on 623 children (8.02 ± 0.57 years old) in 2012 and 536 students in 2019 (8.09 ± 0.65 years old). The prevalence of myopia was 37.7% in 2012 and 39.9% in 2019. The SER was -0.25 (0.92) D in 2012 and -0.25 (1.25) in 2019. There was no statistical difference in the prevalence of myopia and SER over the 7 years (all P > 0.05). In 2019, the prevalence of myopia among girls demonstrated an increasing trend (33.8% vs. 37.8%), but there was no statistical difference (P > 0.05). The mean AL and AL/CR ratio of boys were decreasing (all P < 0.05). The proportion of children reading more than 2 h and using digital devices for more than 2 h per day after their classes in the 2019 group both decreased (all P < 0.05). However, the proportion of activities performed outdoors for more than 2 h./day decreased significantly (P = 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: Compared with 2012, the prevalence of myopia in primary school students in 2019 was under control, which may be related to the improvement of children\'s near-work behavior, but there was the problem of insufficient outdoor activity time. In terms of ocular biological parameters, the risk of myopia for boys in 2019 was lower.