Objective: To evaluate the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of patients with Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm-accelerated phase/blast phase (MPN-AP/BP) . Methods: A total of 67 patients with MPN-AP/BP were enrolled from February 2014 to December 2021 at the Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Their clinical features and prognostic factors were analyzed retrospectively. Results: ① Sixty-seven patients with MPN-AP/BP with a median age of 60 (range, 33-75) years, including 31 males (46.3% ) and 36 females (53.7% ) , were analyzed. Forty-eight patients progressed from primary myelofibrosis (PMF) , and 19 progressed from other myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) , which included polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and MPN unclassifiable. Patients who progressed from PMF had higher lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels than those who progressed from other MPNs (925.95 vs. 576.2 U/L, P=0.011) , and there were higher proportions of patients who progressed from PMF with splenomegaly (81.4% vs. 57.9% , P=0.05) , a myelofibrosis grade of ≥2 (93.6% vs. 63.2% , P=0.004) , and a shorter duration from diagnosis to the transformation to AP/BP (28.7 vs. 81 months, P=0.001) . ② JAK2V617F, CALR, and MPLW515 were detected in 41 (61.2% ) , 13 (19.4% ) , and 3 (4.5% ) patients, respectively, whereas 10 (14.9% ) patients did not have any driver mutations (triple-negative) . Other than driver mutations, the most frequently mutated genes were ASXL1 (42.2% , n=27) , SRSF2 (25% , n=16) , SETBP1 (22.6% , n=15) , TET2 (20.3% , n=13) , RUNX1 (20.3% , n=13) , and TP53 (17.2% , n=11) . The ASXL1 mutation was more enriched (51.1% vs. 21.1% , P=0.03) , and the median variant allele fraction (VAF) of the SRSF2 mutation (median VAF, 48.8% vs. 39.6% ; P=0.008) was higher in patients who progressed from PMF than those who progressed from other MPNs. ③ In the multivariate analysis, the complex karyotype (hazard ratio, 2.53; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-6.05; P=0.036) was independently associated with worse overall survival (OS) . Patients who received allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) (median OS, 21.3 vs. 3 months; P=0.05) or acute myeloid leukemia-like (AML-like) therapy (median OS, 13 vs. 3 months; P=0.011) had significantly better OS than those who received supportive therapy. Conclusion: The proportions of patients with PMF-AP/BP with splenomegaly, myelofibrosis grade ≥2, a higher LDH level, and a shorter duration from diagnosis to the transformation to AP/BP were higher than those of patients with other Philadelphia-negative MPN-AP/BP. The complex karyotype was an independent prognostic factor for OS. Compared with supportive therapy, AML-like therapy and allo-HSCT could prolong the OS of patients with MPN-AP/BP.
目的: 分析Ph染色体阴性骨髓增殖性肿瘤加速期/急变期(MPN-AP/BP)患者的临床特征及预后因素。 方法: 收集2014年2月至2021年12月期间就诊于中国医学科学院血液病医院的67例Ph染色体阴性MPN-AP/BP患者的病例资料,回顾性分析其临床特征及预后因素。 结果: ①全部67例MPN-AP/BP患者中男31例(46.3%),女36例(53.7%),中位年龄为60(33~75)岁;原发性骨髓纤维化(PMF)进展的患者48例(PMF-AP/BP组),由真性红细胞增多症(PV)、原发性血小板增多症(ET)、骨髓增殖性肿瘤不能分类(MPN-U)进展的患者19例(其他MPN-AP/BP组)。PMF-AP/BP组与其他MPN-AP/BP组比较,乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)水平较高(925.9 U/L对576.2 U/L,P=0.011),脾肿大患者占比较高(81.4%对57.9%,P=0.05),骨髓网状纤维≥2级者占比较高(93.6%对63.2%,P=0.004),进展为AP/BP时间较短(28.7个月对81.0个月,P=0.001)。②67例Ph染色体阴性MPN-AP/BP患者中,41例(61.2%)检出JAK2V617F突变,13例(19.4%)检出CALR外显子9突变(1型CALR突变11例,2型CALR突变2例),3例(4.5%)检出MPLW515突变,JAK2、MPL和CALR基因突变均未检出10例(14.9%);非驱动基因突变检出率较高的依次为ASXL1(42.2%,27例)、SRSF2(25.0%,16例)、SETBP1(22.6%,15例)、TET2(20.3%,13例)、RUNX1(20.3%,13例)和TP53基因(17.2%,11例)。PMF-AP/BP组ASXL1基因突变检出率(51.1%对21.1%,P=0.03)及SRSF2基因突变频率(VAF)高于其他MPN-AP/BP组(48.8%对39.6%,P=0.008)。③多因素分析示复杂染色体核型是影响MPN-AP/BP患者总生存(OS)期的独立不良预后因素(HR=2.53,95%CI 1.06~6.05,P=0.036)。接受异基因造血干细胞移植或白血病样化疗的患者与接受支持治疗的患者比较,OS期较长[(21.3(95%CI 10.2~32.3)个月对3.0(95%CI 2.3~3.7)个月,P=0.05;13.0(95%CI 8.3~17.7)个月对3.0(95%CI 2.3~3.7)个月,P=0.011]。 结论: 与其他Ph染色体阴性MPN-AP/BP患者比较,PMF-AP/BP患者具有较高的脾肿大和骨髓网状纤维≥2级发生率、较高的LDH水平,进展为AP/BP时间也较短。复杂染色体核型是影响MPN-AP/BP患者OS期的独立不良预后因素。异基因造血干细胞移植和白血病样化疗可延长MPN-AP/BP患者OS期。.