UNASSIGNED: Pediatric burns are common, especially in underdeveloped countries, and these can physically affect the children involved and have an impact on their mental health. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of pediatric burns in underdeveloped minority areas of China.
UNASSIGNED: Case information from 192 children was collected from outpatient and inpatient clinics using a survey questionnaire. These included 90 pediatric burn cases and 102 controls who were children without burns. A stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors for pediatric burns in order to establish a model. The goodness-of-fit for the model was assessed using the Hosmer and Lemeshow test as well as receiver operating characteristic and internal calibration curves. A nomogram was then used to analyze the contribution of each influencing factor to the pediatric burns model.
UNASSIGNED: Seven variables, including gender, age, ethnic minority, the household register, mother\'s employment status, mother\'s education and number of children, were analyzed for both groups of children. Of these, age, ethnic minority, mother\'s employment status and number of children in a household were found to be related to the occurrence of pediatric burns using univariate logistic regression analysis (p < 0.05). After a collinearity diagnosis, a multivariate logistic regression analysis of variables with tolerances of >0.2 and variance inflation factor <5 showed that age was a protective factor for pediatric burns [odds ratio (OR) = 0.725; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.665-0.801]. Compared with single-child parents, those with two children were at greater risk of pediatric burns (OR = 0.389; 95% CI: 0.158-0.959). The ethnic minority of the child and the mother\'s employment status were also risk factors (OR = 6.793; 95% CI: 2.203-20.946 and OR = 2.266; 95% CI: 1.025-5.012, respectively). Evaluation of the model used was found to be stable. A nomogram showed that the contribution in the children burns model was age > mother\'s employment status > number of children > ethnic minority.
UNASSIGNED: This study showed that there are several risk factors strongly correlated to pediatric burns, including age, ethnic minority, the number of children in a household and mother\'s employment status. Government officials should direct their preventive approach to tackling the problem of pediatric burns by promoting awareness of these findings.

暂无摘要。

OBJECTIVE: To understand the genotype and distribution of thalassemia in northern Guangxi.
METHODS: The study subjects were 55,281 individuals who came to the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University for genetic diagnosis of thalassemia from January 2012 to August 2023. All of their household registration was in the precincts of Guibei District and its affiliated counties. Red blood cell parameters and hemoglobin analysis were used for thalassemia screening. Gap-PCR, PCR-reverse dot blot hybridization (PCR-RDB), and multicolor melting curve analysis (MMCA) were used to identify common thalassemia genes. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), Sanger sequencing, and third-generation single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing were employed to identify rare thalassemia genes.
RESULTS: Among the 55,281 samples, 16,442 (29.74%) were diagnosed with thalassemia. The detection rates of α, β, and α combined β-thalassemia were 18.57%, 9.99% and 1.18%, respectively. Among ethnical groups, allele mutation frequency of thalassemia was the highest in Zhuang (44.97%), followed by Yao (40.11%), Dong (31.33%), Han (29.85%), Miao (24.31%), and Hui (20.6%). A total of 11,659 alleles (21.09%) of 8 types of α-thalassemia were identified in 55,281 samples, primarily --SEA (53.9%), followed by -α3.7 (21.3%), including rare alleles: --THAI (0.45%) and HKαα (0.38%). A total of 6367 (11.52%) and 14 types of β-thalassemia alleles were identified, mainly CD41-42 (50.12%), followed by CD17 (22.22%), including rare alleles: βCD37 (0.16%) and Gγ+ (Aγδβ)0/βN (0.05%). A total of 31 genotypes were detected in 10,264 cases of α-thalassemia, and the main types were --SEA/αα (53.23%), -α3.7/αα (19.15%), and -α4.2/αα (7.21%). A total of 34 genotypes were detected in 5525 cases of β-thalassemia, and the main types were βCD41-42/βN (50.53%), βCD17/βN (21.77%), and βIVS-II-654/βN (12.16%). A total of 78 gene types were detected in 653 cases of α- and β-thalassemia, and the main types were --SEA/αα, βCD41-42/βN (18.68%) and -α3.7/αα, βCD41-42/βN (13.02%). There were 580 cases (5.65%) of HbH disease (α0/α+), and 4 cases of Hemoglobin Bart\'s Hydrops Foetus syndrome (--SEA/--SEA). In addition, there were 92 cases (1.67%) of intermedia or severe types of β-thalassemia (β0/β0, β0/β+, β+/β+), including 23 cases of combined α-thalassemia. Among the samples screened negative for thalassemia, 3.7% of them were found to carry thalassemia genes, and 91.35% of the genotypes were αWSα/αα, -α3.7/αα, and -α4.2/αα. In addition, 40.26% of αWSα/αα, 22.89% of -α3.7/αα, and 18.51% of -α4.2/αα had no hematological phenotype.
CONCLUSIONS: The population in northern Guangxi exhibited rich ethnic diversity, with high allelic carrying rates among the Zhuang, Yao and Dong ethnic groups. Thalassemia gene mutations are diverse, encompassing a variety of gene types, with α thalassemia predominating, notably the --SEA/αα gene type. The prevalence of intermedia or severe types of thalassemia is not low, but there are still some carriers of thalassemia in people who are initially tested negative.

Health-related research on sexual minority populations in China is lacking, and research on sexual and gender minority women (SGMW, including transgender women and persons of other gender identities assigned female at birth of all sexual orientations, and cisgender women with nonheterosexual orientations) is even less. Currently, there are limited surveys related to mental health in Chinese SGMW, but there are no studies on their quality of life (QOL), no studies comparing the QOL of SGMW with that of cisgender heterosexual women (CHW), and no studies on the relationship between sexual identity and the QOL as well as associated mental health variables.
This study aims to evaluate the QOL and mental health in a diverse sample of Chinese women and make comparisons between SGMW and CHW and then investigate the relationship between sexual identity and the QOL through the role of mental health.
A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from July to September 2021. All participants completed a structured questionnaire containing the World Health Organization Quality of Life-abbreviated short version (WHOQOL-BREF), the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES).
In total, 509 women aged 18-56 years were recruited, including 250 (49.1%) CHW and 259 (50.9%) SGMW. Independent t tests showed that the SGMW reported significantly lower levels of QOL, higher levels of depression and anxiety symptoms, and lower self-esteem than the CHW. Pearson correlations showed that every domain and the overall QOL were positively associated with mental health variables, with moderate-to-strong correlations (r range 0.42-0.75, P<.001). Multiple linear regressions found that participants belonging to the SGMW group, current smokers, and women with no steady partner were associated with a worse overall QOL. The mediation analysis found that depression, anxiety, and self-esteem significantly completely mediated the relationship between sexual identity and physical, social, and environment domains of the QOL, while the relationship between sexual identity and the overall QOL and psychological QOL was partially mediated by depression and self-esteem.
The SGMW had poorer levels of QOL and a worse mental health status than the CHW. The study findings affirm the importance of assessing mental health and highlight the need to design targeted health improvement programs for the SGMW population, who may be at higher risk of a poor QOL and mental health.

Academic discourses regarding teacher motivation have been on-going for decades for those who teach in ethnic minority areas. Yet research findings failed to provide a consistent conclusion regarding if kindergarten teachers\' motivation pattern would vary based on a case-to-case scenario. Therefore, further studies are needed to probe the motivation patterns among this population. The study firstly examined kindergarten teachers\' motivational profiles based on Expectancy Value Theory (EVT), and then examined how teachers\' motivation related to outcome variables (work engagement, workplace wellbeing, and retention intention). Participants included 1,199 kindergarten teachers from ethnic minority areas in China. Latent profile analysis identified three motivation profiles for teachers: low value-high cost (profile 1), moderate all (profile 2), and high value-low cost (profile 3). Teacher with different motivation profiles had significant differences in work engagement, workplace wellbeing, and retention intention. In addition, chain mediation analysis revealed that work engagement and workplace wellbeing mediated the relationship between motivation profiles and retention intention. The implications of the findings for study are discussed.

The Dulong people are one of the minorities in China with the lowest population. In recent years, the lifestyle of the Dulong people has also changed drastically due to income growth and urbanization. This study aims to identify cigarette smoking prevalence and potential risk factors among Dulong adults in China.
This study was conducted among 1,018 adults based on the Dulong Health Status Investigation and Evaluation (DHSIE) in Gongshan Dulong and Nu Autonomous County of Yunnan province, Southwest China. A cross-sectional design and face-to-face questionnaire were used to collect cigarette smoking habits and demographic information. Data were weighted by post-stratification weights according to the age and gender composition of Dulong resident. We also analyzed univariate and multivariate unconditional logistic regression to explore current smoking correlates.
The weighted prevalence of ever-smoking, currently smoking, and formerly smoking among Dulong adults is 31.3, 27.7, and 3.6%, respectively. The prevalence of ever-smoking and currently smoking among male participants (57.0 and 50.6%) is much higher than that of female participants (4.0 and 3.4%). Nearly 60% of ever-smokers and current smokers smoked more than 20 cigarettes per day, which are higher than former smokers (35.2%). Among current smokers, 33.1% relapsed, and 28.3% intend to quit smoking. By adjusting for potential confounding variables, multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that male participants (OR = 48.982, 95% CI: 25.026-95.869) and current drinkers (OR = 4.450, 95% CI: 2.556-7.746) are more likely to be current smokers. On the contrary, current smokers are also more likely to be exposed to secondhand smoke (OR = 4.269, 95% CI: 2.330-7.820) and have a higher risk of chronic respiratory disease (OR = 4.955, 95% CI: 1.669-14.706).
Cigarette smoking is highly prevalent among the Dulong people in Southwest China. An appropriate and effective tobacco control strategy is an urgent need for this population.

BACKGROUND: Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution has been associated with cardiometabolic abnormalities (CAs), which, however, may be stronger in vulnerable populations, such as minorities. The variation of the association between ambient air pollution and CAs between the majority (Han) and minority populations in China have been poorly studied.
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to estimate and compare the Hans\' and minorities\' risks for CAs associated with long-term exposure to ambient air pollution in Southwest China.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on the basis of the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort. CAs were defined by the presence of at least three pre-defined metabolic dysfunctions (central obesity, elevated triglycerides, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, elevated blood pressure, and elevated fasting glucose). The concentrations of ambient air pollutants, including particulate matters (PM1, PM2.5, and PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), were generated from random forest models on the basis of multi-source data. One- and two-pollutant regression models were fit to assess associations between air pollutant exposure and CA risks. Sensitivity analyses were performed to examine the robustness of the associations.
RESULTS: The final sample included 51,037 Hans and 28,702 minority participants. The prevalence of CAs was 25.0%, slightly higher in the minorities (25.5%) than the Hans (24.4%). The higher risks for CAs in the overall population were associated with each 10 μg/m3 increase in the exposure to PM1 (OR = 1.07 [1.05-1.09]), PM2.5 (OR = 1.11 [1.06-1.17]), PM10 (OR = 1.04 [1.03-1.06]), and NO2 (OR = 1.04 [1.03-1.07]). Compared to the Hans, the higher risks for CAs were observed in the minorities for PM1 (OR = 1.35 [1.18-1.53]), PM2.5 (OR = 1.61 [1.34-1.93]), and PM10 (OR = 1.15 [1.07-1.23]). The associations of metabolic dysfunctions (CA components) with ambient air pollution also varied between the Han and minority populations.
CONCLUSIONS: The associations between exposure to ambient air pollution and CA risks were stronger in the minorities than Hans. Our findings provide a better understanding of ethnic disparities in CA risks when being exposed to ambient air pollution in China, which also have important implications for other low- and middle-income countries where less health resources (e.g., cohort populations) are available to conduct such studies.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the nutritional status and influencing factors of rural primary and middle school students in a minority area in a certain city of Guizhou Province, so as to provide scientific evidence for prevention and intervention.
METHODS: A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted in this study, 3952 students from 6 primary and middle schools in a certain city of Guizhou Province were selected from April to June 2019 for height and weight measurement(1966 boys, 1986 girls, age(10.81±2.88) years old), among which 2833 students in grade 4 and above were surveyed(1374 boys and 1459 girls, age(13.44±1.94) years old), through the questionnaire to understand students& apos; basic information, breakfast and eating behaviors and so on, Using multi-factor Logistic regression to analyze the relationship between nutritional status and breakfast behavior.
RESULTS: The height and weight of Han male students and female students in all age groups were slightly higher than those of ethnic minorities, but they tended to overlap gradually by the age of 16.The general height and weight of students in this area were lower than the 2014 national average. The general malnutrition rate of students was 21.39%, and the growth retardation rate was 13.13%, the moderate-to-severe wasting rate 3.04% and the mild wasting rate 5.22%. The malnutrition rate of minority students(24.72%) was higher than that of Han students(18.73%)(χ~2=14.93, P& lt; 0.05), the malnutrition rate of boys(26.49%) was higher than that of girls(16.59%)(χ~2=41.29, P& lt; 0.05). The sum of the rate of overweight and obesity of the students was 8.65%, among which the overweight rate was 6.42% and the obesity rate was 2.22%. There was no statistically significant difference in the variables between overweight and obese students(P& gt; 0.05). The breakfast behavior situation showed that rice noodle products(71.66%) were the most frequently consumed by primary and middle school students in the city. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the frequency of breakfast, the quality of breakfast, fresh vegetables, milk and products, and the frequency of meat/egg/fish were the main influencing factors of malnutrition. The differences were statistically significant(P& lt; 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: The growth and development status of primary and middle school students in a city of Guizhou Province mainly includes malnutrition, and the rate of overweight and obesity is not high, but prevention and control should still be paid attention to. The frequency and quality of breakfast are important influencing factors of malnutrition.

OBJECTIVE: This study explored the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health and adaptation of behavior of Zhuang women in China to provide more specific guidance for the social and medical practice of pregnant women during public health emergencies.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study recruited 446 pregnant Zhuang women from obstetric outpatient clinics in four tertiary hospitals and online maternity schools in Nanning, Guangxi, between February 24 and March 1, 2020. Self-designed questionnaires and the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale were used.
RESULTS: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence rate of anxiety among women was 36.77%, and some adaptation of behavior was observed. Logistic regression analysis showed that pregnant women who had an annual household income of less than $7,000, were primiparous, went out for prenatal examination, wanted to self-monitor during pregnancy but did not know how to do it, believed that they should be strictly isolated at home and cancel prenatal examinations, and expected to receive pregnancy healthcare through teleconsultation services showed a higher risk of anxiety. Nevertheless, pregnant Zhuang women who were 22-35 years old, undergraduate-educated, and in their second trimester were less likely to suffer from anxiety.
CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic has a significant psychological impact on pregnant women from ethnic minorities. Factors related to quarantine and social isolation policies appear to drive changes in behaviors and anxiety disorders. Multidisciplinary mental health services and culturally sensitive interventions are necessary for minority pregnant women, especially for low-income primiparous women in the first or third trimester.

Acculturation has an influence on mothers\' beliefs and the perceived behaviours of different ethnicities. Few studies have been conducted on complementary infant and young child feeding practices (CIYCFP) in minorities in England, particularly in Chinese immigrants. This mixed study aims to explore the association of acculturation and IYCF among new Chinese immigrant mothers using purposive snowball sampling from an informal Chinese community. The participants\' responses to the Infant Feeding Style Questionnaire (IFSQ) and Mutual Intercultural Relations in Plural Societies (MIRIPS), questionnaire (n = 32) were collected. A sub-set of 15 also participated in semi-structured interviews. Pearson\'s correlation coefficient analysis and thematic analysis were performed to analyse the survey and semi-structured interview data, and triangulation was employed to integrate quantitative and qualitative findings. This study indicated that Chinese mothers who scored high in integration were more likely to respond to satiety and attention; those inclined to be marginalised were more likely to indulge their children. Those who were more culturally separated were more likely to restrict the food quality offered to their children. This study also indicated that Chinese immigrants balanced western and Chinese feeding practices to combat feeding and culture conflict. This study presents preliminary findings of the association between acculturation and CIYCFP, which can improve culturally appropriate CIYCFP in minorities. Further studies are needed to explore intervention programs to tailor CIYCFP with consideration for acculturation in the minority.