暂无摘要。

BACKGROUND: Most studies on cutting have focused on the biomechanics of the knee and lower-limb muscle activation characteristics, with less consideration given to the influence of motor experience on control strategies at the joint level. This study aimed to investigate the differences in knee stability and inter-joint coordination between high- and low-level athletes when cutting at different angles.
METHODS: A Vicon motion capture system and a Kistler force table were used to obtain kinematic and ground reaction force data during cutting. Joint dynamic stiffness and vector coding were used to assess knee stability and inter-joint coordination. Uncontrolled manifold analysis was used to clarify whether there was synergy among lower-limb joints to maintain postural stability during cutting.
RESULTS: During the load acceptance phase, skilled subjects had the smallest joint stiffness at 90° compared with novice subjects (P < 0.05). Compared with novice subjects, skilled subjects had smaller knee-hip ellipse areas at 90° and 135° (P < 0.05), but larger knee-ankle ellipse areas at 135° (P < 0.05). The synergy index in load acceptance was significantly higher (P < 0.05) for skilled subjects at 90° and 135°.
CONCLUSIONS: Advanced subjects can adjust joint control strategies to adapt to the demands of large-angle cutting on the change of direction. Advanced subjects can reduce knee stability for greater flexibility during cutting compared with novice subjects. By increasing the degree of synergy among the lower-limb joints, advanced athletes can maintain high postural stability.

The triangular fibrocartilaginous complex is made of multiple components, of which the palmar and dorsal radioulnar ligaments play an important role in distal radioulnar joint stability. The ulnar wrist ligaments may be injured during forearm and wrist trauma. There are several aspects of triangular fibrocartilaginous complex management that are still open to debate. The aim of the present study was to review the current concepts and discuss emerging trends to better elucidate and treat this important ligament complex.Level of evidence: V.

UNASSIGNED: To investigate the correlation between glenohumeral joint congruence and stability in recurrent shoulder dislocations.
UNASSIGNED: Eighty-nine patients (89 sides) with recurrent shoulder dislocation admitted between June 2022 and June 2023 and met the selection criteria were included as study subjects. There were 36 males and 53 females with an average age of 44 years (range, 20-79 years). There were 40 cases of left shoulder and 49 cases of right shoulder. The shoulder joints dislocated 2-6 times, with an average of 3 times. The three-dimensional models of the humeral head and scapular glenoid were reconstructed using Mimics 20.0 software based on CT scanning images. The glenoid track (GT), inclusion index, chimerism index, fit index, and Hill-Sachs interval (HSI) were measured, and the degree of on/off track was judged (K value, the difference between HSI and GT). Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the correlation between the degree of on/off track (K value) and inclusion index, chimerism index, and fit index.
UNASSIGNED: Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the K value had no correlation with the inclusion index ( P>0.05), and was positively correlated with the chimerism index and the fit index ( P<0.05). Regression equation was K=-24.898+35.982×inclusion index+8.280×fit index, R 2=0.084.
UNASSIGNED: Humeral head and scapular glenoid bony area and curvature are associated with shoulder joint stability in recurrent shoulder dislocations. Increased humeral head bony area, decreased scapular glenoid bony area, increased humeral head curvature, and decreased scapular glenoid curvature are risk factors for glenohumeral joint stability.
UNASSIGNED: 探讨肩关节复发性脱位患者盂肱关节一致性与稳定性的相关性。.
UNASSIGNED: 以2022年6月—2023年6月收治且符合选择标准的89例（89侧）肩关节复发性脱位患者作为研究对象。其中，男36例，女53例；年龄20～79岁，平均44岁。左肩40例，右肩49例。脱位2～6次，平均3次。采用Mimics 20.0软件基于CT扫描图像重建肱骨头及肩胛盂三维模型，测算肩胛盂轨迹（glenoid track，GT）、包容指数、嵌合指数、契合指数、Hill-Sachs间隙（Hill-Sachs interval，HSI），并判断on/off track程度（K值，即HSI与GT差值）。采用多重线性回归分析on/off track程度（K值）与包容指数、嵌合指数、契合指数之间的相关关系。.
UNASSIGNED: 多重线性回归分析示，K值与包容指数无相关（ P>0.05），与嵌合指数、契合指数成正相关（ P<0.05）。回归方程：K=–24.898+35.982×嵌合指数+8.280×契合指数， R 2=0.084。.
UNASSIGNED: 肩关节复发性脱位中，肱骨头、肩胛盂骨性面积及曲率与肩关节稳定性相关。肱骨头骨性面积增大、肩胛盂骨性面积减小、肱骨头曲率增大、肩胛盂曲率减小是影响盂肱关节稳定性的危险因素。.

BACKGROUND: Open injury of the medial malleolus is relatively rare, and it can cause instability of the ankle joint and affect the walking function of the lower extremity. We describe an original plan for the reconstruction of medial malleolus defects using the bone sliding technique and report as follows.
METHODS: A 48-year-old female presented with an isolated open injury to her right ankle by a traffic accident. The skin of the medial ankle was severely contaminated with mud, and the medial malleolus, part of the Talus\'s cartilage and soft tissue, were defective. The anterior tibial artery was cut, and the anterior and posterior tibial tendons were ruptured.
CONCLUSIONS: We describe the reconstruction of the medial malleolus using a bone sliding technique. At two years follow-up, she had a good outcome with a nearly painless, stable ankle with functional plantarflexion but restricted dorsiflexion. The original method is a new choice for the reconstruction of the medial malleolus.

An empirical consensus of differences between chronic ankle instability (CAI) individuals and copers (individuals who sprained ankle once and without recurrent symptoms or injury) has not been reported. This study aimed to review the locomotion biomechanics and dynamic postural control between these two populations. Database of ScienceDirect, PubMed and Web of Science was used to search (\'chronic ankle instability\' OR \'ankle instability\') AND (\'ankle sprain\' OR \'coper*\') until 30 November 2020. Articles that made a comparison about changes in biomechanical parameters between Copers and CAI individuals during locomotor or functional tasks were included in this review. Twenty-three articles met the inclusion criteria. CAI individuals exhibited an increased hip flexion to maintain stability, suggesting the adopted hip strategy compared to copers during landing. Dorsiflexion angle and ankle frontal displacement increased considerably compared to copers, which might increase risks of lateral ankle sprain injury. CAI individuals reduced the ankle displacements in the sagittal plane and indicated worse performance of Star Excursion Balance Test in the posterior-lateral direction compared to copers. Identified motion deficits or altered motion strategies provide opportunities for targeted intervention and scheme after index sprain or in CAI individuals.

The distal radioulnar joint is not only the main load-bearing joint in the wrist, but also the pivot of the rotation of the forearm. It is one of the most important and unique joints in the body. Maintaining the stability of the distal radioulnar joint is very important for our daily life. The tissue to stabilize the distal radioulnar joint includes bone structures and soft tissue structures. Although the contribution of soft tissue structures to its stability is far exceeding that of bone structures, the influence of abnormal bone structure on the distal radioulnar joint cannot be ignored. By reviewing the relevant literatures, this article divides the bone structural abnormalities into congenital and acquired bone structural abnormalities. The effects of congenital and acquiredbone structural abnormalities on the distal radioulnar joint stability are analysized and collated in this article, and its clinical symptoms, clinical grading, clinical treatments are also summerized. The problems of distal radioulnar joint instability in clinical practicing and its future researching directions are briefly described in order to provide some suggestions for future clinical applications.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical efficacy between medial collateral ligament (MCL) repair and MCL reconstruction in multi-ligament injury.
METHODS: Thirty-one patients with MCL rupture and multi-ligament injury of knee joint were treated between August 2008 and August 2012, and the clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Of 31 patients, 11 cases underwent MCL repair (repair group), and 20 cases underwent MCL reconstruction (reconstruction group). There was no significant difference in gender, age, body mass, injury side, injury cause, and preoperative knee Lyshlom score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score, range of motion, and medial joint opening between 2 groups (P>0.05). The postoperative knee subjective function and stability were compared between 2 groups.
RESULTS: All incisions healed by first intention, and no postoperative complication occurred. All patients were followed up 2-4 years (mean, 3.2 years). At 2 years after operation, the IKDC subjective score, Lyshlom score, and range of motion were significantly increased in 2 groups when compared with preoperative ones (P<0.05). The range of motion of reconstruction group was significantly better than that of repair group (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in IKDC subjective score and Lyshlom score between 2 groups (P>0.05). The medial joint opening was significantly improved in 2 groups at 2 years after operation when compared with preoperative one (P<0.05), but no significant difference was found between 2 groups (P>0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Both the MCL reconstruction and MCL repair can restore medial stability in multi-ligament injury, but MCL reconstruction is better than MCL repair in range of motion.
UNASSIGNED: 比较多发韧带损伤中内侧副韧带缝合与重建治疗后膝关节功能差异。.
UNASSIGNED: 回顾分析2008年8月-2012年8月，收治的31例合并内侧副韧带断裂的膝关节多发韧带损伤患者临床资料。其中11例行内侧副韧带缝合（缝合组），20例行内侧副韧带重建（重建组）。两组患者性别、年龄、体质量、侧别、致伤原因以及术前膝关节Lyshlom评分、国际膝关节文献委员会（IKDC）膝关节主观功能评分、膝关节活动度以及膝关节内侧间隙等一般资料比较，差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。比较两组术后膝关节功能及稳定性。.
UNASSIGNED: 两组术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合，无手术相关并发症发生。患者术后均获随访，随访时间2～4年，平均3.2年。两组术后2年Lyshlom评分、IKDC膝关节主观功能评分及膝关节活动度均较术前显著提高，比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；重建组膝关节活动度优于缝合组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；两组Lyshlom评分及IKDC膝关节主观功能评分比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。两组术后前、后抽屉试验及内翻应力试验均为阴性。术后2年两组膝关节内侧间隙均恢复，与术前比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；两组间比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。.
UNASSIGNED: 膝关节多发韧带损伤中，内侧副韧带损伤经缝合或重建治疗均能恢复膝关节内侧稳定性，但重建术后膝关节活动度优于缝合术后。.

Unstable shoes (US) continually perturb gait which can train the lower limb musculature, but muscle co-contraction and potential joint stiffness strategies are not well understood. A shoe with a randomly perturbing midsole (IM) may enhance these adaptations. This study compares ankle and knee joint stiffness, and ankle muscle co-contraction during walking and running in US, IM and a control shoe in 18 healthy females. Ground reaction forces, three-dimensional kinematics and electromyography of the gastrocnemius medialis and tibialis anterior were recorded. Stiffness was calculated during loading and propulsion, derived from the sagittal joint angle-moment curves. Ankle co-contraction was analysed during pre-activation and stiffness phases. Ankle stiffness reduced and knee stiffness increased during loading in IM and US whilst walking (ankle, knee: p=0.008, 0.005) and running (p<0.001; p=0.002). During propulsion, the opposite joint stiffness re-organisation was found in IM whilst walking (both joints p<0.001). Ankle co-contraction increased in IM during pre-activation (walking: p=0.001; running: p<0.001), and loading whilst walking (p=0.003), not relating to ankle stiffness. Results identified relative levels of joint stiffness change in unstable shoes, providing new evidence of how stability is maintained at the joint level.