背景:强大的足球对运动员头部的意外影响可能会在比赛中导致脑损伤和脑震荡。在现场及时准确地评估这些伤害至关重要。然而,这对裁判来说是个挑战,教练,甚至球员自己准确地识别潜在的伤害和脑震荡后的影响。因此,有必要建立一个最小球速度阈值列表,这些阈值可能会导致头部不同撞击位置的脑震荡。此外,重要的是要确定负责脑功能损伤和潜在的临床症状的受影响的脑区。
方法:通过使用全人体有限元模型,由无意的足球撞击在六个不同的头部位置(前额,tempus,皇冠,枕骨,脸,和钳口)在不同的球速度(10、15、20、25、30、35、40和60m/s)下进行了模拟和研究。颅内压,Von-Mises压力,并对第一主应变进行了分析,评估了在不同撞击位置导致脑震荡的球速度阈值,并分析了脑组织的损伤演变规律。
结果:与所有其他撞击位置相比,对枕骨的影响最容易引起脑损伤。对于保守的评估,一旦足球在正面撞击中达到17.2m/s,就存在脑震荡的风险,顶叶撞击16.6m/s,枕骨撞击时14.0m/s,17.8米/秒的时间影响,面部撞击18.5m/s或下颌撞击19.2m/s。大脑在最初的10-20毫秒内表现出最显著的动态响应,受损区域主要集中在颞叶内侧和call体,可能导致脑功能受损。
结论:这项工作提供了一个框架,用于定量评估由无意的足球撞击引起的脑损伤和脑震荡。确定各个撞击位置处的球速度阈值为评估脑震荡的风险提供了基准。脑组织损伤演变的检查引入了一种将生物力学反应与可能的临床症状联系起来的新方法。
BACKGROUND: Accidental impact on a player\'s head by a powerful soccer ball may lead to brain injuries and concussions during games. It is crucial to assess these injuries promptly and accurately on the field. However, it is challenging for referees, coaches, and even players themselves to accurately recognize potential injuries and concussions following such impacts. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a list of minimum ball velocity thresholds that can result in concussions at different impact locations on the head. Additionally, it is important to identify the affected brain regions responsible for impairments in brain function and potential clinical symptoms.
METHODS: By using a full human finite element model, dynamic responses and brain injuries caused by unintentional soccer ball impacts on six distinct head locations (forehead, tempus, crown, occiput, face, and jaw) at varying ball velocities (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, and 60 m/s) were simulated and investigated. Intracranial pressure, Von-Mises stress, and first principal strain were analyzed, the ball velocity thresholds resulting in concussions at different impact locations were evaluated, and the damage evolution patterns in the brain tissue were analyzed.
RESULTS: The impact on the occiput is most susceptible to induce brain injuries compared to all other impact locations. For a conservative assessment, the risk of concussion is present once the soccer ball reaches 17.2 m/s in a frontal impact, 16.6 m/s in a parietal impact, 14.0 m/s in an occipital impact, 17.8 m/s in a temporal impact, 18.5 m/s in a facial impact or 19.2 m/s in a mandibular impact. The brain exhibits the most significant dynamic responses during the initial 10-20 ms, and the damaged regions are primarily concentrated in the medial temporal lobe and the corpus callosum, potentially causing impairments in brain functions.
CONCLUSIONS: This work offers a framework for quantitatively assessing brain injuries and concussions induced by an unintentional soccer ball impact. Determining the ball velocity thresholds at various impact locations provides a benchmark for evaluating the risks of concussion. The examination of brain tissue damage evolution introduces a novel approach to linking biomechanical responses with possible clinical symptoms.