UNASSIGNED: With the spread and spread of COVID-19 around the world, youth\'s learning, lifestyle and health have been greatly affected. Based on the current research, there is no adequate analysis of the development of young people\'s physique and heart and lung health during COVID-19, and there is a lack of relevant targeted research. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of BMI and Maximum Oxygen Absorption (VO2max) in 12-14 year old teenagers before and after COVID-19.
UNASSIGNED: The BMI, 1,000/800 m running time and associated data related to 29,813 individuals between 2019 and 2022 were collected by cluster sampling, and the changes of BMI Z and VO2max before and after the outbreak were analyzed. Moreover, the relationship between BMI and cardiovascular endurance was analyzed by means of multi-linear stepwise regression.
UNASSIGNED: The covariance analysis models indicated that compared with 2019, adolescent weight, BMI, and 1,000/800 m running time showed varying degrees of growth in 2020, while lung capacity decreased. All indicators achieved rapid rebound in 2021 and 2022 (p < 0.01); the one-way analysis of variance models indicated that The BMI Z score and VO2max of adolescents showed growth and decline in 2020, respectively, and achieved rapid recovery and development in 2021 and 2022 (p < 0.01). The results of the multiple linear stepwise regression analysis indicate that, after the years of BMI Z and novel coronavirus infection were included (△R2  = 0.179), adolescents\' overweight and obesity were positively correlated with the maximum oxygen uptake (B = 0.643, 95%CI = 0.634 ~ 0.652); There is a negative correlation between weight loss and maximum oxygen uptake (B = -0.510, 95%CI = -0.537~-0.484); The year of novel coronavirus infection was positively correlated with the maximum oxygen uptake of adolescents (B = 0.116, 95%CI = 0.107~0.125).
UNASSIGNED: This study shows that the impact of COVID-19 on BMI and heart and lung health in adolescents is significant. Young people of all ages and sexes showed similar developmental trends.

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this clinical study were to investigate success rate, vital pulp survival rate, tooth survival rate and patient-reported masticatory ability by evaluating the pain symptoms and signs of the cracked teeth as well as Index of Eating Difficulty (IED) and Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire after cracked teeth were restored with occlusal veneers.
METHODS: 27 cracked teeth of 24 patients with cold and/or biting pains without spontaneous/nocturnal pains were recruited in this study. The cracked teeth were restored with occlusal veneers fabricated by lithium disilicate ceramic. Cold test and biting test were used to evaluate pain signs. IED and OHIP-14 questionnaire were used to evaluate masticatory ability. FDI criteria was used to evaluate restorations. The paired Wilcoxon test was used to analyze significant differences of detection rate of pain signs, OHIP scores and IED grade before and after restorations. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to describe the success rate, vital pulp survival rate, and tooth survival rate.
RESULTS: 27 cracked teeth were restored with occlusal veneers with average of 22.4-month follow-up. Two cracked teeth had pulpitis and pain signs of the other cracked teeth completely disappeared. OHIP total scores were significantly reduced after treatment. Scores of \'pain\', \'occlusal discomfort\', \'uncomfortable to eat\', \'diet unsatisfactory\' and \'interrupted meals\' reduced significantly after treatment. After treatment, IED grades of 25 vital teeth were significantly lower than those before treatment. FDI scores of 25 restorations except for 2 teeth with pulpitis were no greater than 2. The 12 months accumulated pulp survival rate of the cracked teeth was 92.6%. The 12 months accumulated tooth survival rate was 100%. The success rate at the latest recall was 92.6%.
CONCLUSIONS: Occlusal veneer restorations with success rate of 92.6% and the same pulp survival rate might be an effective restoration for treating the cracked teeth.
CONCLUSIONS: The occlusal veneer restorations might be an option for treating the cracked teeth when cracks only involve enamel and dentin, not dental pulp.

UNASSIGNED: Nowadays, people\'s pace of life continues to rapid up, and many bad habits will accelerate the aging of the eye periphery, and patients with sunken upper eyelids are to be found in younger people. In young Asians, single eyelids are often accompanied by upper eyelid depression, so correcting the upper eyelid depression during blepharoplasty becomes a higher challenge for plastic surgeons. Current surgical methods for upper eyelid depression include three major categories: tissue repositioning, injection and filling, and combined use. According to grades 1 and 2 are mild or moderate upper eyelid sunken. The sunken can be well corrected only by repositioning the orbital fat pad, while the correction effect for severe upper eyelid sunken in grades 3 and 4 is Poor, need to be used in combination to achieve the desired effect.
UNASSIGNED: The authors sought to determine whether, for patients with single eyelids and severe upper eyelid depression of grades 3 and 4, combined with orbital fat pad repositioning and autologous fat transplantation during blepharoplasty, an aesthetic and youthful blepharoplasty can be achieved.
UNASSIGNED: This study included 79 patients with single eyelids and severe upper eyelid depression of grades 3 and 4 who received treatment between June 2020 and July 2022. All patients underwent double eyelid surgery plus orbital fat repositioning and autologous fat grafting.
UNASSIGNED: After a minimum follow-up period of 1 year, overall patient satisfaction was 92%. The recurrence rate within the first year was 6% and the complication rate was 5%.
UNASSIGNED: This combined surgery may be an option for young Asians with single eyelids and severe upper eyelid depression. In this study, the surgery resulted in natural-looking double eyelids and younger-looking eye sockets in most patients. A combination of different surgical methods based on the patient\'s preoperative condition is critical to achieving long-term correction.

UNASSIGNED: This study aims to explore the gender differences in cognitive improvements after two months of atypical antipsychotic treatment in first episode schizophrenia (FES).
UNASSIGNED: 82 patients with FES, including 50 male patients and 32 female patients, were enrolled in the present study. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) were respectively conducted to evaluate the clinical symptoms and cognitive function of patients with FES at baseline and after treatment. Repeated measure ANOVA was performed to compare gender differences in cognitive domains scores between baseline and 2-month follow-up. Stepwise liner regression model was performed to explore the effect factors of cognitive improvements in patients.
UNASSIGNED: There was no significant difference in age of onset, education years, PANSS scores, duration of untreated psychosis and Olanzapine equivalent doses between male and female patients (all p > 0.05). In the comparisons of cognition function, male patients exhibited better performance in social cognition compared with female patients at baseline (t = 3.20, p < 0.05). After treatment, improvements of attention/vigilance and working memory were both found in male patients and female patients (attention/vigilance, F = 11.867, p < 0.05; working memory, F = 18.265, p < 0.05). In addition, improvement of speed of information processing was only found in female patients (F = 11.65, p < 0.01). Significant interaction between time and gender was found in speed information of processing (F = 4.140, p = 0.045). Stepwise liner regression model revealed that improvements of negative symptoms promote improvements of cognitive function in female patients (all p < 0.05).
UNASSIGNED: Our findings revealed gender differences of cognitive improvements in patients with FES after 2-month treatment. It provides new evidence for gender differences in cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia, and also provides preliminary clues for further individualized cognitive intervention strategies.

BACKGROUND: Hypertension and frailty often occur concurrently, exhibiting increasing prevalence in the older population. In this study, we analyzed the frailty status among older adults with hypertension and the impact of their interaction on death risk.
METHODS: This prospective cohort survey study included data from older people in an urban community in Beijing collected between 2009 and 2020 using the cluster random sampling method. The participants were older adults who were ≥ 60 years old at the time of investigation and had lived at the place of investigation for > 1 year. The survey variables comprised those related to health and frailty status assessed during the 2009 baseline survey, along with death-related information as outcome variables in 2020. Additionally, a frailty index (FI) model was used to examine the frailty status among the older adults at baseline. The effects of hypertension prevalence on the age-related frailty changes as well as on mortality for varying degrees of frailty were further analyzed. Lastly, Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier curves were applied to evaluate the impact of the interaction between hypertension and frailty on death risk.
RESULTS: Ultimately, 1197 older individuals aged between 60 and 101 years(average age at baseline: 74.8 ± 8.6 years) were included .Among them, 475 individuals were men (mean age:74.8 ± 8.8 years), and 722 were women (mean age:74.8 ± 8.4 years).Frailty was identified in 151 individuals, leading to a prevalence rate of 12.6%(151/1197),while hypertension was detected in 593 (prevalence rate:49.5% [593/1197]).A total of 443 deaths were recorded by 2020, resulting in a mortality rate of 37.0% (443/1197).Moreover, FI values and mortality rates were higher at any age in older adults with hypertension compared with those without hypertension. Survival time analysis showed that the median survival time of older adults with hypertension and frailty was the shortest (39.0[95%CI: 35.6-42.3] months)when compared with that of older adults without hypertension but with frailty (52.9 [95%CI: 46.6-59.3] months), those with hypertension but without frailty (102.7 [95%CI: 98.7-106.8] months), and those without hypertension and frailty (127.9 [95%CI: 113.5-134.7] months),with log-rank x2 = 999.686 and P < 0.001. Furthermore, Cox regression results demonstrated that older adults with hypertension and frailty had the highest death risk when compared with that of older adults without hypertension and frailty (HR = 1.792, P < 0.001), those without hypertension but with frailty (HR = 1.484, P < 0.001), and those with hypertension but without frailty (HR = 1.406, P = 0.005).
CONCLUSIONS: Frailty is prevalent among older adults with hypertension; however, older adults with both hypertension and frailty have a relatively higher mortality risk. Therefore, screening and assessment of frailty in the older population with hypertension are crucial for its early identification, thereby enabling timely and appropriate interventions to prevent or delay the adverse effects of this concurrent condition.

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a common psychological and behavioral problem among adolescents. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on people\'s mental health. To date, few studies have documented the temporal changes in adolescents\' psychological status during the pandemic, as well as the impact of large-scale public health intervention strategies. This study contributes to the existing evidence on the subject.
Participants were 6,023 adolescents aged 10 years and older, with data from two waves of longitudinal surveys, including data for a 7-month interval before and during the pandemic. A cross-lagged model was used to test the bidirectional relationship between NSSI and depressive symptoms in adolescents; logistic regression analysis was used to explore the predictors of NSSI implementation in adolescents with depressive symptoms.
In this study, 32.69% participants reported depressive symptoms at baseline and 34.27% at follow-up; 44.34% participants with depressive symptoms reported NSSI at baseline and 53.44% at follow-up. The duration of the online class, depressed affect, and somatic and related activity were the risk factors for NSSI; sleep duration and positive mood were the protective factors. The lag effect of depression symptoms on NSSI is significant, and so is NSSI on depressive symptoms.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, adolescents\' mental health has worsened, resulting in an increase in the prevalence of NSSI among those with depressive symptoms compared to pre-pandemic levels. Early screening for depression is crucial in preventing or decreasing NSSI in adolescents.

The increase in heart failure risk in the diabetic population when hypertension and atherosclerosis are both present is still inconclusive. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of hypertension combined with atherosclerosis in diabetic population on the risk of heart failure. We selected 10,711 patients with diabetes who participated in the Kailuan study and completed brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) testing for statistical analysis. The subjects were divided into the non-hypertensive non-atherosclerotic, hypertensive, atherosclerotic, and hypertensive atherosclerotic groups based on their history of hypertension and atherosclerosis. At a median follow-up of 4.15 years, 227 cases of heart failure occurred. Compared with the non-hypertensive non-atherosclerotic group, the multifactorial Cox proportional risk regression model showed that the hazard ratio (HR) for heart failure in the hypertensive atherosclerotic group was 3.08 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.32-7.16), whereas the HR decreased to 2.38 (95% CI: 1.01-5.63) after gradual correction of lipid-lowering, glucose-lowering, and antihypertensive drugs. The subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were consistent with that of total population. In conclusion, patients with diabetes exposed to both hypertension and atherosclerosis had an increased heart failure risk, which was attenuated by the use of lipid-lowering, glucose-lowering, and antihypertensive drugs.

After the spread and outbreak of COVID-19 worldwide, the learning, lifestyle, and health level of young individuals have been immensely impacted. With regard to the existing studies, the development trend of adolescents\' body shape in the late COVID-19 period is not sufficiently analyzed, and relevant targeted investigation is lacking. This study aimed to explore the body mass index (BMI) changes of 6-14 years-old adolescents before and after the COVID-19 epidemic, and to provide a reference for promoting the continuous enhancement of adolescent health.
The BMI and related data pertaining to 93,046 individuals from 2019 to 2022 were collected by cluster sampling, and changes in the BMI Z score and detection rate of overweight and obese adolescents before and after the epidemic were analyzed. Furthermore, the trend of obesity rates among adolescents in Jinan from 2019 to 2022 was analyzed using a logistic regression analysis model.
The one-way ANOVA models indicated that the BMI Z score of 6-14 years-old adolescents in 2020 significantly increased compared to 2019 (p < 0.01), and decreased in 2021 and 2022; in 2020, the obesity rate of adolescents exhibited a significant increase; however, the rate decreased after being controlled in 2021 and 2022. The normal-body size proportion continued to rise (p < 0.01), and adolescents of different age groups and genders exhibited similar development trends; the results of the logistic regression analysis indicate that there was a significant increase in obesity rates in 2020, adolescents of different age groups and genders exhibited similar development trends (p < 0.05).
This study demonstrated that the COVID-19 epidemic impacts the BMI and obesity detection rate of adolescents. Adolescents from different age groups and genders exhibited similar development trends.

Data on reinfection in large Asian populations are limited. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the reinfection rate, disease severity, and time interval between the infections in the symptomatic and asymptomatic populations which are firstl infected with BA.2 Omicron Variant. We retrospectively included adult patients with COVID-19 discharged from four designated hospitals between 27 April 2021 and 30 November 2022, who were interviewed via telephone from 29 January to 1 March 2023. Univariable and multivariable analyses were used to explore risk factors associated with reinfection. A total of 16,558 patients were followed up, during the telephone survey of an average of 310.0 days, 1610 (9.72%) participants self-reported reinfection. The mean time range of reinfection was 257.9 days. The risks for reinfection were analysed using multivariable logistic regression. Patients with severe first infection were at higher risk for reinfection (aORs, 2.50; P < 0.001). The male (aORs,0.82; P < 0.001), the elderly (aORs, 0.44; P < 0.001), and patients with full vaccination (aORs, 0.67; P < 0.001) or booster (aORs, 0.63; P < 0.001) had the lower risk of reinfection. Patients over 60 years of age (aORs,9.02; P = 0.006) and those with ≥2 comorbidities (aORs,11.51; P = 0.016). were at higher risk for severe reinfection. The number of clinical manifestations of reinfection increases in people with severe first infection (aORs, 2.82; P = 0.023). The overall reinfection rate was 9.72%, and the reinfection rate of Omicron-to-Omicron subvariants was 9.50% at one year. The severity of Omicron-Omicron reinfection decreased. Data from our clinical study may provide clinical evidence and bolster response preparedness for future COVID-19 reinfection waves.

Improving the quality of family life (FQoL) is one of the ultimate goals for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) intervention, and parenting self-efficacy and social support are critical for the well-being of families. However, longitudinal studies focusing on FQoL and its predictors for families of children with ASD are scarce. This study aims to describe the characteristics of FQoL among parents of children newly diagnosed with ASD at two waves (newly diagnosed and diagnosed after one year) and to explore the predictors of FQoL at two waves. It was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou, China. A total of 156 parents and their children were included in Wave 1, followed up with 110 in Wave 2 after 1 year. The overall satisfaction of FQoL improved (t = -2.128, p < 0.05), while satisfaction with physical/material well-being decreased (t = 5.972, p < 0.01). Additionally, the overall importance rating of FQoL improved but did not have statistical significance (p > 0.05). Parents with higher parenting self-efficacy (β = 0.716, P < 0.01), and more subjective social support (β = 1.127, p < 0.001) reported higher satisfaction with FQoL, and those with better social support utilization (β = 1.066, p < 0.05) reported higher importance for FQoL. FQoL needs to be improved in the early stage of ASD diagnosis, and parental self-efficacy and social support can serve as the intervention targets.