背景：由于特殊的创伤部位，相当多的烧伤患者具有更大的心理压力。在临床实践中,发现医务人员更加重视身体功能的康复，而患者的心理健康状况却被大大忽视。与患者接触时，我们发现应该注意污名和自尊的水平。然而,关于面部烧伤患者的污名和自尊的研究很少。因此,这项研究旨在描述面部烧伤的耻辱和自尊水平，调查这两个变量之间的关系，探讨面部烧伤患者病耻感的影响因素,为改善这一人群的后续干预措施提供证据。
方法：从2020年8月至2021年6月，我们在广州一家三级甲等医院的一家烧伤专科门诊和三个烧伤单位招募了符合纳入标准的面部烧伤患者，中国。本研究的调查工具包括社会人口统计学和疾病相关信息问卷，社会影响量表的中文版，和自尊量表(这些量表得到了验证)。采用SPSS25.0软件进行数据分析,采用t检验,方差分析，相关分析，多元线性回归方法进行数据统计。
结果：面部烧伤患者的总耻感评分为（58.01±7.57），处于中等水平；自尊得分为(19.72±2.43)，处于较低水平。相关分析显示,自尊得分与病耻感总分呈正相关(r=0.286,P<0.01)。家庭人均月收入，教育水平,医疗费用支出方式，自尊是面部烧伤患者病耻感的影响因素,这些因素解释了柱头变异的33.7％（F=8.659，P＜0.01）。
结论：面部烧伤患者的病耻感和自尊水平较低，这需要我们的努力。特别是,污名和自尊之间存在正相关，自尊是影响污名的独立危险因素。我们的发现表明，旨在增强自尊的干预措施有可能对减少该患者人群的污名化产生积极影响。
BACKGROUND: A considerable number of burn patients have greater psychological stress due to the special trauma site. In clinical practice, it is found that medical staff pay more attention to the rehabilitation of physical function, while the mental health status of patients is greatly neglected. In contact with patients, we found that attention should be paid to the levels of stigma and self-esteem. However, there are few studies on stigma and self-esteem in patients with facial burns. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the stigma and self-esteem levels of facial burns, investigate the relationship between these two variables, and explore the influencing factors of stigma in patients with facial burns, in order to provide evidence for follow-up interventions to improve this population.
METHODS: From August 2020 to June 2021, we recruited patients with facial burns who met the inclusion criteria in one burn specialist clinic and three burn units of a tertiary A hospital in Guangzhou,
China. The survey tools of this study include sociodemographic and disease-related information questionnaires, the Chinese version of the Social Impact Scale, and the self-esteem scale (these scales were validated). SPSS 25.0 software was used for data analysis through t test, analysis of variance, correlation analysis, multiple linear regression method for data statistics.
RESULTS: The total stigma score of facial burn patients was (58.01 ± 7.57), which was at a medium level; the self-esteem score was (19.72 ± 2.43), which was at a low level. Correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between the self-esteem score and the total score of stigma (r = 0.286, P < 0.01). The family per capita monthly income, education level, way of medical expenses expenditure, and self-esteem of facial burn patients were the influencing factors of their stigma, and these factors explained 33.7% of the variation in stigma (F=8.659, P＜0.01).
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with facial burns have low levels of stigma and self-esteem, which requires our efforts. In particular, there is a positive correlation between stigma and self-esteem, and self-esteem is an independent risk factor affecting stigma. Our findings suggest that interventions aimed at enhancing self-esteem have the potential to positively impact the reduction of stigma in this patient population.
