Oral candidiasis infection is particularly prevalent among individuals in HIV-positive patients. Antifungal drugs have shown promising therapeutic effects in treating oral candidiasis in HIV-positive patients. However, the selection of specific antifungal drugs for the treatment of oral candidiasis in HIV-positive patients lacks evidence-based guidelines. This study aims to address this gap by conducting a comprehensive review of relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and performing a network meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of different antifungal drugs in treating oral candidiasis in HIV-positive patients. A systematic search was conducted in databases including EMBASE, Web of Science, Medline, and Cochrane databases to identify relevant articles. Additionally, key pertinent sources in the literatures were also reviewed. All studies published prior to August 2023 were eligible for inclusion. Two researchers independently conducted the screening of literature, extraction of data, and evaluation of quality. Pairwise and network meta-analysis were then performed to assess the primary outcomes of the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) included. The protocol was registered on the PROSPERO database (CRD42024513912). Twenty-six RCTs were included in this meta-analysis, involving a total of 3145 patients and evaluating seven interventions (placebo, fluconazole, itraconazole, nystatin, clotrimazole, ketoconazole, miconazole). Pairwise meta-analysis and network meta-analysis showed fluconazole was significantly efficacy in increasing mycological cure rates when compared with placebo, clotrimazole, and nystatin. Ketoconazole and miconazole were significantly efficacy in increasing mycological cure rates when compared with nystatin. Network meta-analysis also suggested the efficacy of the seven interventions in increasing mycological cure rates was ranked as follows: placebo (35.3%), fluconazole (95.2%), itraconazole (61.6%), nystatin (17.0%), clotrimazole (52.7%), ketoconazole (69.2%), miconazole (69.1%). The available evidence indicates that fluconazole had the greatest possibility to increase mycological cure rates in HIV-positive patients, while, nystatin was the least effective antifungal drug in increasing mycological cure rates in HIV-positive patients.

Background: In China, mental health services do not currently meet the needs of bereaved people with symptoms of prolonged grief disorder (PGD). Internet-based grief interventions may help fill this gap, but such programmes have not yet been developed or evaluated in China. The proposed study aims to investigate the effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility of an online self-help intervention programme named Healing Grief for bereaved Chinese with prolonged grief, and to explore the psychological mechanisms of potential improvements.Methods: We designed a two-arm randomised controlled trial. At least 128 participants will be randomly assigned to either an Internet-based intervention group or a waitlist-control group. The Internet-based intervention will be developed based on the dual process model, integrating techniques of psychoeducation, behavioural activation, cognitive reappraisal, and meaning reconstruction, and will be delivered via expressive writing. The intervention comprises six modules, with two sessions in each module, and requires participants to complete two sessions per week and complete the intervention in 6 weeks. The primary outcomes include effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility. The effectiveness will be assessed by measures of prolonged grief, posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Acceptability and feasibility will be evaluated using survey and interview on user experience characteristics. Secondary outcomes include moderators and mediators, such as dual process coping, grief rumination, mindfulness, and continuing bond, to explore the psychological mechanisms of potential improvement. Assessments will take place at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up.Conclusion: The proposed study will determine the effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility of the newly developed online self-help intervention for bereaved Chinese with prolonged grief and clarify how the intervention helps with symptom improvements. Such an intervention may play an important role in easing the imbalance between the delivery and receipt of bereavement psychological services in China.
In China, mental health services are not widely available for bereaved people.The proposed study will be the first one to develop and evaluate an Internet-based self-help grief intervention for bereaved Chinese with prolonged grief.The proposed study will determine whether and how the intervention helps to improve the mental health of bereaved Chinese with prolonged grief.

We aimed to assess the overall effect of pelvic muscle training (PFMT) on patients with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) based on eligible randomized controlled trials (RCT).
We searched the following databases, such as PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase, to identify eligible RCT based on the index words updated to December 2018. We also searched the publications related to the present study. Odds rations (OR), and mean difference (MD) along with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used to analyze the main outcomes.
In this meta-analysis, 15 RCTs were included with a total of 1309 patients in the PFMT group and a total of 1275 patients in the control group. The overall results showed no significant difference in the incidence of add 2 POP-Q stages (RR: 0.55, 95%CI: 0.19-1.63), add 1 POP-Q stages (RR: 1.04, 95%CI: 0.69-1.57), no POP-Q stages change (RR: 0.94, 95%CI: 0.81-1.09), reduce 2 POP-Q stages (RR: 1.72, 95%CI: 0.79-3.76), self-reported same symptom change (RR: 0.70, 95%CI: 0.45-1.09), and self-reported worse symptom change (RR: 0.67, 95%CI: 0.22-2.03) between the 2groups. Besides, the incidence of reduce 1 POP-Q stages was significantly higher in the PFMT group than that of the control group (RR: 1.80, 95%CI: 1.20-2.69), and the PFMT significantly changed the self-reported symptoms with better outcomes when compared with the control group (RR: 2.90, 95%CI: 1.72-4.89). However, after the therapy, the PFMT group decreased the POP-SS (SMD: -0.24, 95%CI: -0.71-0.22), POPDI-6 (SMD: -0.14, 95%CI: -0.43-0.15), CRADI-8 (SMD: -0.03, 95%CI: -0.16-0.11), and UDI-6 (SMD: -0.17, 95%CI: -0.43-0.10) versus the control group, but without statistical significance.
PMFT showed better effect in reducing 1 POP-Q stages, changing the self-reported symptoms with better outcomes, decreasing the score of POP-SS, POPDI-6, CRADI-8, and UDI-6 in women with POP versus the control group. However, more high-quality multicenter RCTs with a larger sample size are needed to confirm the present conclusions.