与任务无关的刺激数字可以自动调节并发的时间任务-导致数字时间关联(NTA)现象。最近的研究提供了大量证据,表明NTA发生在时间记忆阶段。具体来说,包含编码持续时间信息的参考存储器可以通过感知/并发数字进行修改,即,感知/并发数字诱导的NTA。这里,有五个实验,我们调查了另一种工作记忆(WM)相关机制是否参与了NTAs的产生,以及这种记忆诱导的NTA与感知诱导的NTA之间的关系。我们首先探讨了在时间编码之前消失但在WM中积极维护的记忆数字是否存在类似的NTA效应,即,记忆数字诱导的NTA。实验1-3证明了两种类型的NTA。Further,我们在两种情况下揭示了两种类型的NTA之间的密切关系。首先,助记符数字诱导的NTA也依赖于时间编码时的感知次数-时间共现。我们发现,当在目标编码过程中出现与任务无关的常数\'5\'时,助记数字会影响后续的时间处理,但当出现非数字符号时,表明参考记忆中的时间表示可以通过这种次数-时间共现通过感觉和感觉后的数值来访问和修改。第二,感知数字和记忆数字对时间再现的影响可以相互抵消。实验4和5证明了感知和记忆数字的一致性效果(依赖于记忆要求)。具体来说,当记忆的幅度和感知/并发数字是一致的(两者都是大或小数字)时,观察到典型的NTA,但当它们不一致时(一个小数字和一个大数字)。一起来看,我们的研究为NTA的机理提供了新的思路。
Task-irrelevant stimulus numbers can automatically modulate concurrent temporal tasks--leading to the phenomenon of number-time association (NTA). Recent research provides converging evidence that the NTA occurs at the stage of temporal memory. Specifically, a reference memory containing encoded duration information can be modified by perceptual/concurrent
digits, i.e., a perceptual/concurrent digit-induced NTA. Here, with five experiments, we investigated whether another working memory (WM)-related mechanism was involved in the generation of NTAs and how this memory-induced NTA was related with the perception-induced NTA. We first explored whether similar NTA effects existed for mnemonic
digits which disappeared before time encoding but were actively maintained in WM, i.e., a mnemonic digit-induced NTA. Experiments 1-3 demonstrated both types of NTAs. Further, we revealed a close relationship between the two types of NTAs in two contexts. First, the mnemonic digit-induced NTA also relied on a perceptual number-time co-occurrence at time encoding. We found that the mnemonic
digits influenced subsequent temporal processing when a task-irrelevant constant number \'5\' was presented during target encoding, but not when a non-numerical symbol was presented, suggesting that temporal representations in the reference memory could be accessed and modified by both sensory and postsensory numerical magnitudes through this number-time co-occurrence. Second, the effects of perceptual and mnemonic
digits on temporal reproduction could cancel each other out. A congruency effect for perceptual and mnemonic
digits (relying on memorization requirement) was demonstrated in Experiments 4 and 5. Specifically, a typical NTA was observed when the magnitudes of memorized and the perceptual/concurrent digits were congruent (both were large or small numbers), but not when they were incongruent (one small and one large numbers). Taken together, our study sheds new light on the mechanism of NTA.