意外怀孕是一个对妇女有严重影响的全球性问题,他们的家人,和社会,包括堕胎,不孕症,和产妇死亡。虽然现有的避孕策略已广泛应用于人们的生活中,由于避孕效果低和相关副作用,没有令人满意的反馈(例如,性行为减少,月经周期紊乱,甚至终身不孕症)。近年来,从基础研究和实际应用的角度来看,基于生物材料的长效可逆避孕方法受到了越来越多的关注,这主要是由于改善了递送途径和控制了药物递送。这篇综述总结了通过各种递送途径进行长效可逆避孕的先进生物材料的最新进展。包括皮下植入,透皮贴剂,口服给药,阴道环,宫内节育器,输卵管闭塞,输精管避孕,静脉给药。此外,生物材料,尤其是纳米材料,仍然需要改进,并提到了避孕的未来前景。
Unintended pregnancy is a global issue with serious ramifications for women, their families, and society, including abortion, infertility, and maternal death. Although existing contraceptive strategies have been widely used in people\'s lives, there have not been satisfactory feedbacks due to low contraceptive efficacy and related side effects (e.g., decreased sexuality, menstrual cycle disorder, and even lifelong infertility). In recent years, biomaterials-based long-acting reversible contraception has received increasing attention from the viewpoint of fundamental research and practical applications mainly owing to improved delivery routes and controlled drug delivery. This review summarizes recent progress in advanced biomaterials for long-acting reversible contraception via various delivery routes, including subcutaneous implant, transdermal patch, oral administration, vaginal ring, intrauterine device, fallopian tube occlusion, vas deferens contraception, and Intravenous administration. In addition, biomaterials, especially nanomaterials, still need to be improved and prospects for the future in contraception are mentioned.