自COVID-19爆发以来,仪表板的发展是动态的,用于传递COVID-19数据的可视化工具在全球范围内激增。仪表板可以通知决策并支持行为更改。要做到这一点,他们必须是可行的。在COVID-19大流行的背景下,构成可操作仪表板的功能尚未得到严格评估。
这项研究的目的是通过评估其目的和用户来探索基于网络的公共COVID-19仪表板的特征(“为什么”),内容和数据(“什么”),并分析和显示(“他们如何传达COVID-19数据”),并最终评估高度可操作的仪表板的共同特征。
我们于2020年7月与国际专家小组(n=17)对COVID-19仪表板的全球样本进行了描述性评估和评分。步骤顺序包括仪表板的多方法采样;评估工具的开发和试点;数据提取和第一轮可操作性评分;基于对结果的初步分析的研讨会;重新考虑可操作性分数,然后共同确定高度可操作仪表板的共同特征。我们使用描述性统计和主题分析来探索研究问题的发现。
评估了来自53个国家的158个仪表板。仪表板主要由政府当局开发(100/158,63.0%),范围为国家(93/158,58.9%)。我们发现,在158个仪表板中,只有20个(12.7%)说明了它们的主要目的和目标受众。几乎所有仪表板都报告了流行病学指标(155/158,98.1%),其次是卫生系统管理指标(85/158,53.8%),而关于社会和经济影响和行为洞察力的指标报告最少(7/158,4.4%和2/158,1.3%,分别)。大约四分之一的仪表板(39/158,24.7%)没有报告其数据源。仪表板主要按两个地理级别以及年龄和性别报告时间趋势和分类数据。仪表板平均使用2.2种显示器(SD0.86);这些大多是图形和地图,其次是表。为了支持数据解释,颜色编码很常见(93/158,89.4%),尽管只有五分之一的仪表板(31/158,19.6%)包含解释数据质量和含义的文本。总的来说,20/158个仪表板(12.7%)被评估为高度可操作,并确定了它们之间的七个共同特征。可操作的COVID-19仪表板(1)了解其受众和信息需求;(2)管理类型,volume,和显示的信息流;(3)清晰地报告数据源和方法;(4)将时间趋势与政策决策联系起来;(5)提供“离家近”的数据;(6)将人口分成相关的子组;(7)使用讲故事和视觉线索。
COVID-19仪表板的原因各不相同,什么,以及他们如何传达对大流行的见解并支持数据驱动的决策。为了充分发挥他们的潜力,仪表板开发人员应考虑采用已确定的七个可操作性功能。
Since the outbreak of COVID-19, the development of dashboards as dynamic, visual tools for communicating COVID-19 data has surged worldwide. Dashboards can inform decision-making and support behavior change. To do so, they must be actionable. The features that constitute an actionable
dashboard in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic have not been rigorously assessed.
The aim of this study is to explore the characteristics of public web-based COVID-19 dashboards by assessing their purpose and users (\"why\"), content and data (\"what\"), and analyses and displays (\"how\" they communicate COVID-19 data), and ultimately to appraise the common features of highly actionable dashboards.
We conducted a descriptive assessment and scoring using nominal group technique with an international panel of experts (n=17) on a global sample of COVID-19 dashboards in July 2020. The sequence of steps included multimethod sampling of dashboards; development and piloting of an assessment tool; data extraction and an initial round of actionability scoring; a workshop based on a preliminary analysis of the results; and reconsideration of actionability scores followed by joint determination of common features of highly actionable dashboards. We used descriptive statistics and thematic analysis to explore the findings by research question.
A total of 158 dashboards from 53 countries were assessed. Dashboards were predominately developed by government authorities (100/158, 63.0%) and were national (93/158, 58.9%) in scope. We found that only 20 of the 158 dashboards (12.7%) stated both their primary purpose and intended audience. Nearly all dashboards reported epidemiological indicators (155/158, 98.1%), followed by health system management indicators (85/158, 53.8%), whereas indicators on social and economic impact and behavioral insights were the least reported (7/158, 4.4% and 2/158, 1.3%, respectively). Approximately a quarter of the dashboards (39/158, 24.7%) did not report their data sources. The dashboards predominately reported time trends and disaggregated data by two geographic levels and by age and sex. The dashboards used an average of 2.2 types of displays (SD 0.86); these were mostly graphs and maps, followed by tables. To support data interpretation, color-coding was common (93/158, 89.4%), although only one-fifth of the dashboards (31/158, 19.6%) included text explaining the quality and meaning of the data. In total, 20/158 dashboards (12.7%) were appraised as highly actionable, and seven common features were identified between them. Actionable COVID-19 dashboards (1) know their audience and information needs; (2) manage the type, volume, and flow of displayed information; (3) report data sources and methods clearly; (4) link time trends to policy decisions; (5) provide data that are \"close to home\"; (6) break down the population into relevant subgroups; and (7) use storytelling and visual cues.
COVID-19 dashboards are diverse in the why, what, and how by which they communicate insights on the pandemic and support data-driven decision-making. To leverage their full potential,
dashboard developers should consider adopting the seven actionability features identified.