泌乳早期采食量的减少促使脂肪动员增加,以满足奶牛产奶的能量需求。奶牛的脂解作用增加存在严重的健康风险,机制不明确。我们研究的目的是比较高和低脂肪分解母牛血清中代谢物和脂质的纵向分布。在回顾性研究中招募了40头多胎荷斯坦奶牛。血清样本在第7天收集,然后进行预期的产卵。以及产后d5、d7、d14和d21。在分娩后第5天和第7天,根据平均血清非酯化脂肪酸将奶牛分为低(<0.600mmol/L;n=8;LFM)和高(>0.750mmol/L;n=8;HFM),表明泌乳早期脂肪动员。与糖脂代谢相关的泌乳性能和血清代谢参数,肝功能,氧化状态,并确定炎症反应。对血清样品进行基于LC-MS的代谢组学和脂质组学。尽管产后体重变化存在差异,两组之间的产奶量和成分没有观察到差异.血清BHBA,葡萄糖,瘦素,天冬氨酸转氨酶,HFM奶牛的IL-6和TNF-α高于LFM。血清脂联素,HFM奶牛的修正定量胰岛素敏感性检查指数和白蛋白低于LFM。HFM奶牛的脂肪动员增强伴随着估计的胰岛素敏感性降低,肝功能受损,氧化应激和炎症反应增加。在比较血清血液基质时,在整个过渡时期观察到代谢模式的差异(例如,在不同的氨基酸中,酰基肉碱,和鞘脂)。HFM奶牛的血清代谢组的特征是甘氨酸浓度较高,酰基肉碱,肌肽,Cer(d20:0/18:0),Cer(d18:1/16:0),和Cer(t18:0/24:0)与LFM相比。在围产期不同采样时间的差异血清代谢物和脂质富含鞘脂代谢。血清代谢状态参数的差异表明,奶牛采取不同的代谢适应策略来应对产后的能量不足。我们的调查发现了过渡奶牛血清代谢谱的全面重塑,突出了鞘脂物种变化的重要性,因为它们在胰岛素抵抗和代谢紊乱中起着至关重要的作用。
Reduced feed intake in early lactation prompts increased fat mobilization to meet dairy cows\' energy needs for milk production. The increased lipolysis in cows presents significant health risks with unclear mechanisms. The objectives of our study were to compare the longitudinal profiles of metabolites and lipids of serum from high and low-lipolysis cows. Forty multiparous Holstein dairy cows were enrolled in the retrospective study. Serum samples were collected on d 7 before expected calving, as well as on d 5, d 7, d 14, and d 21 postpartum. Dairy cows were grouped according to mean serum nonesterified fatty acids on d 5 and 7 after parturition as low (<0.600 mmol/L; n = 8; LFM) and high (>0.750 mmol/L; n = 8; HFM), indicating fat mobilization during early lactation. Lactational performance and serum metabolic parameters related to glucose and lipid metabolism, liver functions, oxidative status, and inflammatory responses were determined. Serum samples were subjected to LC-MS-based metabolomics and lipidomics. Despite differences in postpartum BW change, there were no observed variations in milk yield and composition between 2 groups. Serum BHBA, glucose, leptin, aspartate aminotransferase, IL-6, and TNF-α were greater in cows with HFM than in LFM. Serum adiponectin, revised quantitative insulin sensitivity check index and albumin were lower in cows with HFM than LFM. Intensified fat mobilization in the HFM cows came along with reduced estimated insulin sensitivity, impaired liver functions, and increased oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Differences in metabolic patterns were observed across the transition period when comparing serum blood matrices (e.g., in different amino acids, acylcarnitines, and sphingolipids). The serum metabolome of the HFM cows was characterized by higher concentrations of glycine, acylcarnitines, carnosine, Cer(d20:0/18:0), Cer(d18:1/16:0), and Cer(t18:0/24:0) compared with LFM. The differential serum metabolites and lipids at different sampling times during the peripartum period were enriched in the sphingolipid metabolism. Differences in serum metabolic status parameters suggest that cows adopt varied metabolic adaptation strategies to cope with energy deficits postpartum. Our investigation found a comprehensive remodeling of the serum metabolic profiles in transition dairy cattle, highlighting the significance of alterations in sphingolipid species, as they play a crucial role in insulin resistance and metabolic disorders.