BACKGROUND: Previous studies have indicated inconsistent relationships of diabetes with thyroid cancer risk, yet little is known in China. In this study, we aimed to investigate the associations between diabetes, diabetes duration and the risk of thyroid cancer in Chinese population.
METHODS: A 1:1 matched case-control study was performed between 2015 and 2017 in Zhejiang Province including 2,937 thyroid cancer cases and 2,937 healthy controls. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for thyroid cancer were estimated in logistic regression models. Specific effects stratified by age, as well as sex, body mass index (BMI) and family history of diabetes were also examined.
RESULTS: Overall, neither diabetes (OR = 0.75, 95 % CI: 0.21-2.73) nor diabetes duration (OR = 0.14, 95 % CI: 0.02-1.22 for diabetes duration ≦ 5 years; OR = 2.10, 95 % CI: 0.32-13.94 for diabetes duration > 5 years) was significantly associated with thyroid cancer. In stratified analyses, significant lower risk of thyroid cancer was observed among subjects with diabetes and shorter diabetes duration ( ≦ 5 years), but limited to those who were aged more than 40 years, female, overweight/obese and had positive family history of diabetes.
CONCLUSIONS: Diabetes and shorter diabetes duration were significantly associated with decreased risk of thyroid cancer in individuals characterized by older age, female sex, higher BMI and positive family history of diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: Childhood solid tumors account for the highest proportion of childhood cancers and are one of the leading causes of death in childhood. However, their pathogenesis is unclear.
OBJECTIVE: To explore prenatal and perinatal risk factors for solid malignancies in children.
METHODS: We enrolled 71 consecutive pediatric patients (44 boys and 27 girls; median age, 30 months) with solid tumors who were diagnosed and treated at our center from January 2013 to December 2016 as the case group. We also enrolled 211 age- and residence-matched healthy children (ratio of approximately 3:1 with the case group) as the control group. We conducted a questionnaire-based survey with the parents of these 282 children. Univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression analyses of the collected data were performed.
RESULTS: Confirmed solid malignancies included neuroblastoma (n = 32), rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 18), retinoblastoma (n = 7), renal tumors (n = 3), and other tumors (n = 11). Risk factors for solid childhood tumors in the univariate analysis were the parents\' age, gravidity, parity, abortion history, vaginal bleeding, family history of malignancy, and prenatal use of folic acid or hematinics/iron supplements (P < 0.05), and those in the multivariate analysis were higher parity (odds ratio [OR], 2.482; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.521-4.048), family history of malignancy (OR, 3.667; 95% CI, 1.679-8.009), and prenatal use of hematinics/iron supplements (OR, 2.882; 95% CI, 1.440-5.767). In contrast, use of prenatal folic acid was protective (OR, 0.334; 95% CI, 0.160-0.694).
CONCLUSIONS: A family history of malignancy, use of prenatal hematinics/iron supplements, and higher parity are risk factors for solid childhood tumors, whereas use of prenatal folic acid is a protective factor.

Background At present, the association between maternal viral infection and risk of congenital heart diseases ( CHD ) in offspring is uncertain; additionally, a complete overview is missing. A meta-analysis of observational studies was performed to address the question of whether women who had a history of viral infection in early pregnancy were at an increased risk of CHD in offspring, compared with mothers without viral infection. Methods and Results Unrestricted searches were conducted, with an end date parameter of July 15, 2018, of PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Cochrane Libraries, and Chinese databases, to identify studies that met prestated inclusion criteria. Seventeen case-control studies involving 67 233 women were included for analysis. Both fixed-effects models (odds ratio [OR], 1.83; 95% CI , 1.58-2.12; P<0.0001) and random-effects models ( OR , 2.28; 95% CI , 1.54-3.36; P<0.0001) suggested that mothers who had a history of viral infection in early pregnancy experienced a significantly increased risk of developing CHD in offspring. For specific viral infections, the risk of developing CHD in offspring was significantly increased among mothers with rubella virus (OR, 3.49, 95% CI, 2.39-5.11 in fixed-effects models; and OR, 3.54; 95% CI, 1.75-7.15 in random-effects models) and cytomegalovirus (OR, 3.95; 95% CI, 1.87-8.36 in fixed-effects models) in early pregnancy; however, other maternal viral infections in early pregnancy were not significantly associated with risk of CHD in offspring. Sensitivity analysis yielded consistent results. No evidence of publication bias was observed. Conclusions Although the role of potential bias and evidence of heterogeneity should be carefully evaluated, the present study suggests that maternal viral infection is significantly associated with risk of CHD in offspring.