环GMP-AMP（cGAMP）合酶（cGAS）识别细胞溶质DNA并合成第二信使，cGAMP,从而激活干扰素基因的衔接蛋白刺激因子（STING）并启动针对微生物感染的先天免疫应答。cGAS-STING通路与自身免疫性疾病密切相关，细胞衰老,和癌症免疫疗法，而细菌中的cGAS样受体可以保护它免受病毒感染。弧菌中的二核苷酸环化酶(DncV)是最初在霍乱弧菌中鉴定的二核苷酸环化酶。用DncV合成环核苷酸，包括c-di-GMP,c-di-AMP,cGAMP介导细菌定植，细胞膜形成，和毒力。DncV是哺乳动物细胞质DNA传感器的结构和功能同源物，cGAS,涉及cGAS-STING信号级联可能起源于细菌免疫系统。在这里，我们总结了DncV在细菌免疫中的作用，这将有助于深入了解cGAS-STING信号的演变。
The cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) recognizes cytosolic DNA and synthesizes the second messenger, cGAMP, thus activating the adaptor protein stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and initiating the innate immune responses against microbial infections. cGAS-STING pathway has been crucially implicated in autoimmune diseases, cellular senescence, and cancer immunotherapy, while the cGAS-like receptors in bacteria can protect it against viral infections. Dinucleotide cyclase in Vibrio (DncV) is a dinucleotide cyclase originally identified in Vibrio cholerae. The synthesis of cyclic nucleotides by DncV, including c-di-GMP, c-di-AMP, and cGAMP mediates bacterial colonization, cell membrane formation, and virulence. DncV is a structural and functional homolog of the mammalian cytoplasmic DNA sensor, cGAS, implicating cGAS-STING signaling cascades may have originated in the bacterial immune system. Herein, we summarize the roles of DncV in bacterial immunity, which are expected to provide insights into the evolution of cGAS-STING signaling.
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