Postoperative infection is one of the most common complications of tooth extraction. It may manifest as localized infection or develop to systemic infection. Clinically, oral surgeons can prevent postoperative infections by urging patients to strengthen oral hygiene, applying antibiotics in a rational and compliant manner, and choosing appropriate surgical methods for tooth extraction. For the treatment of infection, the oral surgeon should formulate a response strategy on the basis of different diagnoses. For local infections such as dry socket, delayed alveolar osteitis, gap infection, and marginal osteomyelitis of the jaws, the infection can be controlled by local debridement, therapeutic use of antibiotics, and incise and drain if necessary. For patients suspected of necrotizing fasciitis, timely extensive debridement should be made to reduce the area of tissue necrosis. For those who have received radiotherapy or anti-resorptive drugs, tooth extraction should follow the recommendations of the relevant clinical guidelines or expert consensus to minimize the risk of osteonecrosis of the jaws. For patients with poor systemic health or dysfunction of the immune system, attention should be paid to identifying infective endocarditis and intracranial infection to ensure the life safety of patients. In this study, the author intends to combine literature review and clinical experience to tackle postextraction infection and its prevention to provide a reference for colleagues on oral and maxillofacial surgery.
术后感染是牙拔除术最常见的并发症之一，拔牙术后感染可表现为局部感染，也可扩散为全身感染。临床上口腔外科医生可通过督促患者加强口腔卫生保健、合理应用抗生素和选择适当的拔牙手术方式来预防拔牙术后感染。对于感染的治疗策略，口腔外科医生应根据不同的临床表现和诊断来制定。对于干槽症、迟发性感染、间隙感染、边缘性颌骨骨髓炎等局部组织感染，可通过局部清创处理、治疗性运用抗生素、必要时切开引流等方法来控制感染；对于怀疑发生坏死性筋膜炎的患者，应广泛清创，以减少组织坏死面积；对于接受过放疗或者抗骨吸收类药物治疗的患者，拔牙应遵循相关临床指南或专家共识的建议，以减少颌骨坏死等风险；对于全身基础情况较差或免疫功能不全的患者，应注意鉴别感染性心内膜炎和颅内感染，以保障患者的生命安全。本文中笔者结合文献回顾和临床经验，总结了拔牙后感染的预防与治疗策略，以期为口腔外科同行提供参考。.
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