To evaluate head and cervical posture in individuals with or without temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and to assess the correlations between pain, severity of symptoms, and posture.
A total of 384 patients (129 males and 255 females) was included. The Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI) was used to assess the severity and prevalence of TMD and the presence of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain. Patients were divided into three groups: the TMD-free group, TMD without TMJ pain group, and TMD with TMJ pain group. Subsequently, the patients with TMJ pain were further divided into mild TMD and moderate/severe TMD groups. Nine parameters were traced on cephalograms to characterize the head and cervical posture.
TMD patients with TMJ pain showed increased forward head posture (FHP) than patients without TMJ pain and TMD-free subjects. No significant difference was observed between the TMD patients without TMJ pain and TMD-free subjects. In the TMD patients with the TMJ pain group, the moderate/severe TMD patients demonstrated increased FHP compared to mild TMD patients. TMD patients with joint pain had greater CVT/RL (B = 3.099), OPT/RL (B = 2.117), and NSL/C2\' (B = 4.646) than the patients without joint pain after adjusting for confounding variables (P < 0.05).
TMD patients with TMJ pain showed increased FHP compared to other groups, and FHP became more significant as TMD severity increased in male patients, indicating the FHP might play an important role in the development of TMJ pain. In the clinical assessment of TMD, the patients\' abnormal head and cervical posture might be considered.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to assess the differences in dentoskeletal morphology in males with and without temporomandibular joint osteoarthrosis (TMJOA).
METHODS: Three hundred seventy-one male participants seeking orthodontic treatment were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Each participant\'s osseous status was evaluated using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and classified into normal (N = 104), indeterminate for TMJOA (N = 110) and TMJOA (N = 157) groups. The dentoskeletal characteristics were evaluated using cephalograms. Stratified analysis was performed based on age and skeletal pattern. Descriptive statistics and one-way analysis of variance were performed to investigate dentoskeletal differences among groups. P < .05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS: The differences in posterior cranial base length, FMA, MP-OP, anterior facial height, articular angle, ramus height and L1-MP were statistically significant. After stratification by age, the differences in FMA, maxillomandibular angle, posterior facial height, facial height ratio, gonial angle and mandibular body length were statistically significant in adults. No statistical difference except for articular angle was observed in adolescents. After stratification by skeletal pattern, statistical differences were mainly apparent in skeletal Class II adults.
CONCLUSIONS: Males with TMJOA showed a posteriorly positioned and backward-rotated mandible, especially in skeletal Class II adults. Compared with women, the craniofacial morphology of men is less affected by TMJOA. The association between TMJOA and craniofacial morphology also varied across different age groups and skeletal patterns. Prospective studies are required to clarify the cause-effect relationship between TMJOA and craniofacial morphology in males.

Objective: To observe the different imaging manifestations of condylar sclerosis in temporomandibular joint osteoarthrosis and explore the imaging significance of condylar sclerosis. Methods: From January 2018 to December 2020, 50 patients with temporomandibular joint condylar sclerosis were examined by cone-beam CT (CBCT) and underwent spiral CT, MRI and radionuclide bone imaging at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in General Hospital of Chinese PLA. There were 15 males and 35 females aged from 16 to 65 years with age of (42.7±14.5) years. The imaging manifestations of CBCT, spiral CT, MRI and radionuclide bone imaging, joint disc displacement and abnormal bone metabolism of condylar sclerosis were analyzed. And the area of condylar sclerosis was graded according to the image of CBCT. Results: A total of 50 patients were included, including 38 unilateral condylar sclerosis, 12 patients with bilateral condylar sclerosis, the total condylar sclerosis were 66. There was no significant difference between the detection rate of further spiral CT (95.5%, 63/66) and CBCT (100.0%, 66/66) (corrected χ²=1.36,P=0.244). The area of condylar sclerosis was (35.5±4.5) mm2, ranged from 1 to 100 mm2. In addition, spiral CT showed more clearly condylar sclerosis than CBCT. Sclerosis can occur in all parts of condyle, mainly in the upper middle region (68.2%,45/66) in coronal position and in the upper front region (71.2%,47/66) in sagittal position. Fifty-seven condylar sclerosis were detected by MRI, including 4(4/19) condylar sclerosis less than 4 mm2. There was significant difference in the displacement of temporomandibular joint disc between the sclerotic side and the non sclerotic side (χ²=10.09, P=0.006). MRI display the condylar sclerosis showed low signal (56/62), followed by high signal (5/62) and medium signal (1/62). Radionuclide bone imaging showed that 4 of the 38 patients with unilateral condyle sclerosis had symmetrical bone metabolism, 34 had abnormal bone metabolism, and 21 patients had concentrated on the non-sclerotic side. Radionuclide bone imaging showed that 4 of the 38 patients with unilateral condyle sclerosis had symmetrical bone metabolism and 34 had abnormal bone metabolism. Conclusions: Spiral CT is more accurate than CBCT in terms of condyle sclerosis through different imaging analysis, and the detection rate of both is higher than MRI. Most of condylar sclerosis showed different degrees of low signal on MRI. The condylar sclerosis side is usually manifested by abnormal bone metabolism.
目的： 观察颞下颌关节骨关节病髁突硬化的不同影像表现，探讨髁突硬化影像意义。 方法： 回顾性纳入2018年1月至2020年12月就诊于解放军总医院口腔颌面外科经锥形束CT影像检查发现髁突硬化并进行螺旋CT、MRI和核素骨显像的患者50例，其中男性15例，女性35例，年龄（42.7±14.5）岁（16~65岁）。分析髁突硬化在锥形束CT、螺旋CT、MRI影像及核素骨显像特点，关节盘移位及骨代谢异常情况，并根据锥形束CT的影像对髁突硬化面积进行分级。 结果： 50例患者中有38例单侧髁突硬化，12例双侧髁突硬化，共66处。螺旋CT的检出率［95.5%（63/66）］与锥形束CT［100.0%（66/66）］的差异无统计学意义（校正χ²=1.36，P=0.244），髁突硬化区域面积为（35.5±4.5）mm2（1~100 mm2）；螺旋CT对4 mm2以下的髁突硬化图像显示比锥形束CT更清楚。髁突硬化在冠状位主要位于中上区域［68.2%（45/66）］，矢状位主要位于前上区域［71.2%（47/66）］。MRI检出57处（57/66，86.3%），其中检出4 mm2以下的髁突硬化4处（4/19），硬化侧与无硬化侧颞下颌关节的关节盘移位情况的差异有统计学意义（χ²=10.09，P=0.006）。髁突硬化在MRI上多表现为低信号（56/62），其次为高信号（5/62）和中信号（1/62）。核素骨显像显示38例单侧髁突硬化中4例双侧骨代谢对称，34例骨代谢异常。 结论： 通过不同影像学分析，就髁突硬化而言，螺旋CT比锥形束CT更精准，且两者的检出率高于MRI；髁突硬化在MRI上多表现为不同程度的低信号；髁突硬化侧多表现为骨代谢异常。.

Objective: To screen the physical, psychological and behavioral factors related to patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) by using Axis Ⅱ assessment instruments of diagnostic criteria for TMD(DC/TMD). And to provide a reference to establish personalized diagnosis and treatment plans for TMD patients so as to prevent TMD and reduce predisposing factors. Methods: A total of 141 TMD patients, who were admitted in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University from October 2018 to February 2021 were selected. There were 121 females and 20 males, with an average age of 30 years. A total of 90 healthy people were included as controls. A full-time psychologist conducted relevant questionnaire surveys. The questionnaires include general clinical survey forms and TMD symptom questionnaire. In addition, Axis Ⅱ assessment instruments include graded chronic pain scale, jaw functional limitation scale, oral behaviors checklist, patient health questionnaire-9 (depression), generalized anxiety disorder scale, patient health questionnaire-15 (physical symptoms), etc. The main observational indicators include: pain level, pain impact rates, overall classification of chronic pain, limited chewing function score, limited motor function score, limited communication function score, total jaw function restricted score, depression score, anxiety score, somatic symptom score and oral behavior score.The survey data were imported into SPSS 22.0 software for statistical analysis. Results: In the TMD group 60.3% (85/141) patients had various degrees of pain, 24.1% (34/141) of those with pain effect grades from 1 to 3 and 61.0% (86/141) showed chronic pain overall grades from Ⅰ to Ⅳ. The chewing function restricted score was 2.67(1.17, 4.25), motor function restricted score was 4.25(1.75, 6.12), communication function restricted score was 1.13(1.00, 2.25) and total jaw function restricted score was 2.56(1.47, 4.15) respectively. Patients with mild depression or above accounted for 59.6%(84/141), patients with mild anxiety or above accounted for 56.7%(80/141), 46.1%(65/141) patients had somatization symptoms. Statistical differences (P<0.05) were determined between TMD group and control group in various scores of jaw function, oral behavior grading, depression, anxiety, and physical symptoms. Physical symptoms had significantly statistical difference between different diagnostic classification(P<0.05). Meanwhile, among the different chronic pain levels in the TMD group, there were statistical differences in the various scales of mandibular dysfunction, depression, anxiety, and somatization. In the TMD group, other significant differences were noticed between males and females in terms of the average score of mouth opening, verbal and facial communication, the total score of mandibular dysfunction as well as physical symptoms (P<0.05). Conclusions: Compared with the healthy people, patients with TMD had more abnormal oral behaviors, different restriction of the mandibular functional activities. At the same time, depression, anxiety, and somatization were more serious. Patients with osteoarthritis and subluxation of temporomandibular joint were more likely to suffer physical symptoms. TMD patients suffering from pain had more severe mandibular dysfunction and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and somatization.
目的： 通过颞下颌关节紊乱病诊断标准（diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders，DC/TMD）的轴Ⅱ评价量表调查，筛查引发TMD的身体、心理及行为因素，为临床制订个性化诊疗方案及疾病预防提供参考。 方法： 选择2018年10月至2021年2月就诊于武汉大学口腔医学院口腔颌面外科颞下颌关节门诊的TMD患者141例（TMD组），其中女性121例，男性20例，平均年龄30岁；2021年1至2月于武汉市在校大学生、教师、公职人员等人群中招募普通健康者90名作为对照组，其中女性66名，男性24名，平均年龄30岁。对所有受试者进行问卷调查，问卷包括一般状况调查表和TMD症状问卷；轴Ⅱ评价量表包括：慢性疼痛等级量表、下颌功能受限量表、口腔行为检查、患者健康问卷-9（抑郁情绪）、广泛性焦虑症量表、患者健康问卷-15（躯体化症状）等评价量表。主要观察指标包括疼痛程度、疼痛对患者影响分级、慢性疼痛整体分级、下颌功能受限量表指标得分、抑郁得分、焦虑得分、躯体化症状得分和口腔行为得分。比较TMD组不同诊断患者之间轴Ⅱ各量表评价指标的差异。 结果： TMD组具有不同程度疼痛的患者占60.3%（85/141）；疼痛影响分级1~3级者占24.1%（34/141）；慢性疼痛整体分级为Ⅰ~Ⅳ级者占61.0%（86/141）。TMD组咀嚼功能受限、运动功能受限、交流功能受限及总体下颌功能受限得分均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。TMD组轻度抑郁以上患者占59.6%（84/141），轻度焦虑以上患者占56.7%（80/141），46.1%（65/141）患者有躯体化症状。TMD组患者的等级分布均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。颞下颌关节骨关节病和关节半脱位患者中出现躯体化症状者显著多于关节盘移位患者（P<0.05）。TMD组内不同的慢性疼痛状态分级之间在下颌功能障碍各指标以及抑郁、焦虑和躯体化症状等方面差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论： TMD患者比普通健康人口腔行为异常增加，下颌功能活动受到不同程度的限制，同时抑郁、焦虑情绪以及躯体化症状方面更严重。颞下颌关节骨关节病和关节半脱位患者更易出现躯体化症状。TMD患者伴有疼痛症状者下颌功能障碍受限及抑郁、焦虑和躯体化方面症状较重。.

Objective: To describe and analyze the clinical manifestations of patients with orofacial pain of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Methods: A retrospective study on orofacial pain was conducted for 3 425 patients diagnosed as TMD based on clinical symptoms and signs in the Department of Temporomandibular Disorders and Orofacial Pain, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University. The patients included 1 158 males and 2 267 females with a median age of 32 years. The gender, age, course of disorders, pattern and site of pain, CT imaging diagnosis of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) were analyzed. The distribution of gender, age and disorder course interval were described. The differences in frequency of the pattern and site of pain, imaging diagnosis in different gender, age and disease course interval were compared. Chi-square test and non-parametric rank sum test were performed using software SPSS 23.0. Results: Of the 3 425 patients, 29.1% (997/3 245) had signs of joint popping, and 40.1% (1 373/3 425) had restricted opening. The pain frequency was higher in males who had disorder course less than 1 month (P<0.01) and also in males who had open-and-close and/or lateral excursion and/or protrusion pain without tenderness or other pain without tenderness (P<0.05). However, the pain frequency was higher in females who had tenderness (P<0.01). The pain frequencies in those over 56 years old with tenderness combined with open-and-close and/or lateral excursion and/or protrusion pain were higher than in patients of other ages (P<0.01). In patients with unilateral TMJ pain, the frequency in males was higher than females(P<0.01), while the frequency in females was higher in patients with unilateral TMJ pain combined with unilateral or bilateral myalgia and the frequency was higher in patients under 15 years old having bilateral TMJ pain and/or unilateral or bilateral myalgia (P<0.05). In patients with unilateral TMJ pain, the frequency in those with disorder course≤1 month was higher than in those with other disease duration intervals (P<0.01), while in patients with bilateral myalgia or TMJ pain plus unilateral or bilateral myalgia, the frequency in those with disorder course>3 years was higher than in those with other disease duration intervals(P<0.01). In patients with unilateral TMJ pain, the frequency was higher in those having open-and-close and/or lateral excursion and/or protrusion pain (P<0.01). In patients with unilateral myalgia and bilateral myalgia, the frequency was higher in those having tenderness (P<0.01). The frequency of TMJ space changes in male patients was higher than females and the frequency of hyperosteogeny and resorption in females were higher than males (P<0.05). The frequency of TMJ space changes and developmental problems were higher in patients aged 16 to 35 years, while the frequencies of hyperosteogeny, bone resorption and cystis in those over 56 years were higher than other ages (P<0.01). The frequency of TMJ space changes in patients with disorder course≤1 month was higher than in those with other disease duration intervals (P<0.01), while the frequency of hyperosteogeny was higher in patients with disorder course>3 years (P<0.01). Conclusions: The male to female ratio in the present patients with orofacial pain of TMD was about 1 to 2. Most of the patients visited hospital within half a year after the disorders occurred. The pattern and site of the orofacial pain, signs on TMJ CT images showed some distribution regularities in views of gender, age and disorder course.
目的： 分析颞下颌关节紊乱病（temporomandibular disorders，TMD）口颌面痛患者的临床特征，为临床诊治提供依据。 方法： 回顾性收集2014年9月至2020年9月于第四军医大学口腔医学院颞下颌关节病科就诊，根据临床症状和临床检查诊断为TMD口颌面痛者，共纳入患者3 425例，其中男性1 158例，女性2 267例，中位年龄为32岁。分别采用χ²检验和非参数秩和检验对患者的性别、年龄、病程、疼痛方式、疼痛部位、颞下颌关节（temporomandibular joint，TMJ）影像诊断等信息进行统计分析，比较性别、年龄段、病程区间的分布特点，以及疼痛方式、疼痛部位、影像诊断在不同性别、年龄和病程区间的分布差异，以双侧P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果： 3 425例患者中，29.1%（997/3 425）伴关节弹响，40.1%（1 373/3 425）患者开口受限。开闭口和（或）侧方（牙合）和（或）前伸疼痛以及其他疼痛不伴有触痛者男性患者显著多于女性（P<0.05），伴有触痛者则女性显著多于男性（P<0.01）；56岁以上者触痛合并开闭口和（或）侧方（牙合）和（或）前伸疼痛者显著多于其他年龄段（P<0.01）。单侧TMJ疼痛患者中男性显著多于女性（P<0.01）；双侧TMJ疼痛和双侧TMJ合并单/双侧肌痛≤15岁者显著多于其他年龄段（P<0.05）；单侧TMJ疼痛病程≤1个月者显著多于其他病程区间（P<0.01），双侧肌痛及双侧TMJ合并单/双侧肌痛者病程>3年者多于其他病程区间（P<0.01）；单侧TMJ疼痛者的疼痛方式以开闭口和（或）侧方（牙合）和（或）前伸疼痛者中较多（P<0.01），单侧肌痛和双侧肌痛者以触痛较多（P<0.01）。间隙变化男性显著多于女性（P<0.05），骨质增生和骨质吸收均为女性显著多于男性（P<0.05）；间隙变化和发育问题均为16~35岁者显著多于其他年龄段（P<0.05）；骨质增生、骨质吸收及囊性变均为56岁以上者显著多于其他年龄段（P<0.01）；间隙变化在病程≤1个月者显著多于其他病程区间（P<0.001），骨质增生在病程>3年者显著多于其他病程区间（P<0.01）。 结论： TMD口颌面痛患者女性约为男性的2倍，多在发病半年内就诊，其疼痛方式、疼痛部位、TMJ影像特征在性别、年龄及病程分布等方面表现出一定规律性。.

BACKGROUND: There is a need for methods to compare differences of voltage levels and distribution anomalies in the study of skeletal muscle function. Calculating the kurtosis values has been found to be of value.
OBJECTIVE: The aim was to record and analyse voltage and kurtosis levels of SEMG recorded bilaterally in the masseter and anterior temporalis areas during rest and clenching and to compare the kurtosis levels between controls and patients with TMJ disc dysfunction.
METHODS: Twenty-three healthy subjects and 21 patients with TMJ disc dysfunction were taken part in this study. Recordings were made with the BioPAK EMG System. Gain was adjusted to record the data within the range of ±2000 µV. SEMG was recorded in four facial areas, the right masseter, left masseter, right anterior temporalis, and left anterior temporalis areas. Kurtosis levels of SEMG, at clenching with maximal force, and mandibular rest, were compared between the control and patient groups.
RESULTS: The kurtosis levels of clenches were significantly higher in patients in all four areas with sensitivity, 38.1% to 61.9%, and specificity, 82.6% to 100.0%. No differences were found in kurtosis levels during mandibular rest.
CONCLUSIONS: The results support that kurtosis values of SEMG recorded during clenching have a potential diagnostic interest.

In this case-control study, we investigated the presence of differing numbers and types of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) symptoms, their association with psychological distress, and their impact on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL).
We recruited a total of 814 participants with TMD and 147 control subjects. The participants were instructed to complete the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders Symptom Questionnaire; the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21; and the Oral Health Impact Profile-Temporomandibular Disorders. The participants were subsequently categorized by their number and type of TMD symptoms. Data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis/Mann-Whitney U test (α = .05).
The mean age of the participants (N = 961) was 32.99 ± 13.14 years, and 79.2% were women. Participants with more and all types of TMD symptoms generally exhibited significantly higher levels of psychological distress and worse OHRQoL (P < .001). Those with TMD pain plus temporomandibular joint (TMJ) sounds/dysfunction had significantly greater psychological distress, whereas those with painful symptoms and TMJ dysfunction experienced significantly more impairment in OHRQoL than individuals with only TMJ sounds.
Psychological states and OHRQoL are influenced by the number and type of TMD symptoms. Individuals with more and all types of pain-related TMD symptoms with/without intra-articular features had greater psychological distress and OHRQoL impairment.

BACKGROUND: Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) is common in clinic at present, which seriously affects the mental health and quality of life of patients. With the development of society, the incidence of TMD is gradually increasing. At present, there are many treatment methods, Tuina as a characteristic traditional Chinese medicine therapy, clinical treatment of TMD has a significant effect. In recent years, there are many clinical studies on Tuina in the treatment of TMD, but the clinical efficacy of Tuina in the treatment of TMD has not been systematically evaluated. In this study, we systematically evaluated the relevant literature of Tuina in the treatment of TMD by using the method of evidence-based medicine, in order to provide reference for clinical research in this direction in the future.
METHODS: VIP Chinese database, China knowledge Network, Wanfang, China Biomedical Database, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched for clinical randomized controlled trials of Tuina in the treatment of TMD from the establishment of the database to December 2020. The 2 researchers independently screened the literature and carried out quality assessment and data extraction for the included study, and used RevMan5.3 software for risk assessment and Meta analysis.
RESULTS: In this study, the efficacy and safety of Tuina in the treatment of TMD were evaluated by effective rate, visual analog score (VAS) of temporomandibular joint pain, dysfunction index ((DI), palpation index (PI), craniomandibular index (CMI), maximum mouth opening (MMO), incidence of adverse reactions and so on.
CONCLUSIONS: This protocol can provide evidence-based basis for the treatment of TMD, with Tuina to significantly improve the symptoms and function of patients with TMD.
UNASSIGNED: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/J75A8.

Objective: To evaluate the application of calcium suppressed (CaSupp) spectral CT technique in evaluating disk position and measuring the thickness of the posterior band of temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Methods: The twenty-three temporomandibular disorder patients [mean age 23(12~62) years, male/female=14/9] were performed with oblique sagittal and coronal proton density weighted imaging (PDWI) and spectral CT scans from February to July, 2019 in Department of Radiology, Hainan Hospital of General Hospital of Chinese PLA, and 45 TMJ joints were evaluated. The subjects were classified into two groups according to the scanning modalities: MRI measurement group and CaSupp spectral-based CT group. The CaSupp technique were applied with the spectral-based CT images and CaSupp images were generated. The oblique sagittal and coronal CaSupp imaged were reformatted by perpendicular to the long axis of the condyle. The TMJ disk positions were evaluated on oblique sagittal and coronal images, and the maximal disk thickness were measured on the oblique sagittal images. Results: The joint position was basically consistent on MRI and CaSupp images for the 45 TMJ joints. The intra-class coefficient value was 0.843 (0.712, 0.914) for the measurement of the posterior band of the TMJ disk between MRI and CaSupp images. Bland-Altman presented that the [95.6% (43/45)] points with the difference located in the 95% agreement interval. Wilcoxon paired text demonstrated that there was no significant different for the thickness of the posterior band between MRI [2.57 (1.76, 3.65) mm] and CaSupp images [2.67 (1.74, 4.56) mm] (P=0.07). Conclusions: The CaSupp spectral-based CT could be used to evaluated the TMJ disk position and the thickness of the posterior band.
目的： 探索钙抑制光谱CT技术在评估颞下颌关节盘位置及测量关节盘后带厚度中的应用。 方法： 对2019年2至7月解放军总医院海南医院放射科门诊就诊的23例颞下颌关节紊乱病患者[平均年龄23岁（12~62岁），男性14例，女性9例]行MRI斜矢状位、斜冠状位质子密度加权成像及光谱CT扫描，共纳入可评估关节45侧，依扫描设备分为MRI测量组及钙抑制光谱CT测量组。采用钙抑制算法对光谱CT进行去钙处理，并重建斜矢状位及冠状位钙抑制光谱CT图像。基于斜矢状位及冠状位图像评估关节盘位置，基于斜矢状位图像测量关节盘后带最大厚度。 结果： 45侧颞下颌关节盘位置在MRI图像及钙抑制光谱CT图像上基本一致。MRI测量组与钙抑制光谱CT测量组所测后带厚度的组内相关系数为0.843（0.712，0.914），Bland-Altman图分析MRI与钙抑制光谱CT测量关节盘后带厚度的差值点[95.6%（43/45）]位于95%一致性界限内。Wilcoxon配对检验提示MRI测量组[2.57（1.76，3.65）mm]与钙抑制光谱CT测量组[2.67（1.74，4.56）mm]差异无统计学意义（P=0.07）。 结论： 钙抑制光谱CT成像可以准确评估关节盘位置及关节盘后带厚度。.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of open surgery and closed treatment for unilateral moderately displaced mandibular condyle fractures.
METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched according to PRISMA guidelines from inception to October, 2018. Inclusion criteria were based on humans randomized controlled trials in the English literature. Pertinent data were collected and the incidence of the complications was calculated.
RESULTS: A total of 6 studies with 227 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that there were no significant differences in incidence of malocclusion (odds ratio [OR], 0.33; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.07-1.46; P = 0.14). However, open surgery group had a better maximal mouth opening (WMD = 3.82, 95% CI: 1.93-5.71, P < 0.01), protrusion (WMD = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.42-1.89, P < 0.01) and sum of both laterotrusions (WMD: 2.50, 95% CI: 1.77-3.22, P < 0.01). And the incidence of temporomandibular joint pain was lower than closed treatment group (OR: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.06-0.37, P < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS: Compared with closed treatment, open surgery has significant advantages in improving mouth opening and mandibular movement, and reducing the incidence of temporomandibular joint pain, provided that open surgery was a promising application in treatment of unilateral moderately displaced mandibular condyle fractures.