For a plastic syringe, a stopper at the end of plunger is usually made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS, and co-ingredients). To reduce friction and prevent leakage between the stopper and barrel, short chain polymer of liquid PDMS is also used as lubricant. Consequently, an injection process can release solid PDMS debris from the stopper and barrel, and liquid PDMS droplets from the lubricant, both of which are confirmed herein as solid and liquid micro(nano)plastics. From molecular spectrum perspective to directly visualise those micro(nano)plastics, Raman imaging was employed to analyse hundreds-to-thousands of spectra (hyper spectrum or hyperspectral matrix) and significantly enhance signal-to-noise ratio. From morphology perspective to provide high resolution of image, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was engaged to cross-check with Raman images and increase assignment / quantification certainty. The weak Raman imaging signal of nanoplastics was extracted using image deconvolution algorithm to remove the background noise and average the signal variation. To increase the result\'s representativeness and avoid quantification bias, multiple syringes were tested and multiple areas were randomly scanned toward statistical results. It was estimated that thousands of microplastics and millions of nanoplastics of solid/liquid PDMS might be injected when using a plastic syringe of 1 mL. Overall, Raman imaging (along with algorithm and SEM) can be helpful for further research on micro(nano)plastics, and it should be cautious to use plastic syringe due to the increasing concern on the emerging contamination of not only solid but also liquid micro(nano)plastics.

A rapid and sensitive strategy was proposed for the detection of fluoranthene (FL), which is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), in water samples. In this work, syringe solid-phase extraction (SPE) combined with solid-phase fluorescence spectrometry was used to determine FL in PAHs polluted environmental samples. The fluorescence signals were directly monitored on the membrane surface after FL was enriched by syringe SPE. Under the optimal conditions, the proposed method showed a linear relationship in the concentration range 2-50 μg/L with a correlation coefficient (R2 ) of 0.998, and the limit of detection was 0.143 μg/L. The recoveries varied from 93.47% to 109.81% in the actual samples, with the relative standard deviations (n = 3) ranging from 2.06% to 6.32%. According to the results, the established method can be applied in the field of rapid detection as it is fast, simple, portable, and highly sensitive, and has strong anti-interference.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the efficacy and outcomes of one-way surgical technique for the treatment of vitreous hemorrhage post vitrectomy on proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) patients.
METHODS: This retrospective case series include 47 PDR patients who had vitrectomy with balanced saline solution tamponade and have developed vitreous hemorrhage without significant absorption. The one-way air-fluid exchange procedure which involves the application of a 0.22-μm pore size filter to exchange about 4.5-5.5 ml of fluid with a 10 ml syringe was performed on 47 patients (47 eyes). Post procedure, additional treatments were administered when needed. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), occurrence of intra-procedural and post-procedural complications were recorded and analyzed.
RESULTS: A total of 47 eyes of 47 PDR patients with a mean age of 50.8 ± 12.0 years were reviewed. Because of vitreous hemorrhage or tractional retinal detachment of PDR, all 47 eyes underwent vitrectomy with balanced saline solution tamponade prior to the exchange procedure. Four patients (8.51%) and 43 patients (91.5%) were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), respectively. All 47 eyes were given the one-way air-fluid exchange procedure in the treatment room. Forty-two cases (89.4%) needed the air-fluid exchange procedure only once, 4 cases (8.51%) underwent the procedure twice, and 1 case (2.13%) was given the procedure three times, followed by additional retinal photocoagulation and one intravitreal injection of Conbercept. In addition to the procedure, no further treatment was needed for 5 eyes (10.6%) while additional retinal laser treatment was provided for 41 eyes (87.2%). The BCVA at the final follow-up was significantly improved from the initial acuity baseline in all cases. No complications were observed during the follow-ups.
CONCLUSIONS: This one-way air-fluid exchange procedure can effectively exchange the vitreous hemorrhage and improve visual acuity of PDR patients who develop vitreous rehemorrhage post vitrectomy without obvious complications.

A syringe-aided apta-nanosensing method is reported for the colorimetric determination of acetamiprid. The method employs double-stranded (ds) DNA-conjugated gold nanoparticle@magnetic agarose beads, i.e., dsDNA-AuNP@MABs as peroxidase-mimicking composite probes, in which the aptamer is indirectly attached to the AuNP surface through its hybridization with complementary DNA (cDNA). Upon contact with the acetamiprid target, the probes can give perceptible color change due to the possible conformation switch from dsDNA\'s brush-like to cDNA\'s \'pancake\' regime. An \"air-spaced pumping\" procedure using a syringe equipped with ring magnets as the operation platform was proposed to facilitate the magnetic separation of the sensing probes. Therefore, the analytical steps can be easily accomplished in a syringe, including probe loading, acetamiprid capture and magnetic separation from crude samples, chromogenic reagent loading and colorimetric visualization. Acetamiprid concentration down to 3.3 ppb can be easily identified by the naked eye. The final solution also can be transferred for quantitative measurement. Under spectrometer, the ratio of the absorbance at 652 nm in the presence and absence of acetamiprid (A/A0) is linearly related to the acetamiprid concentration in the 0.4-4.5 ppb range. The limit of detection is calculated to be 0.24 ppb. Moreover, satisfactory recoveries ranging from 90.90 to 91.82% with relative standard deviations of ≤2.96% were obtained in analyzing real spiked samples.

Background: Tandem mass spectrometry becomes a common and important test in newborn screening, but potential contamination of the equipment has largely been ignored. Methods: The source of contamination through Biosan quality control samples was examined prospectively, and further confirmed by retrospective analysis of patient samples. Results: We found that the source of contamination came from a syringe in the Biosan quality control samples. Furthermore, we found that a large number of indicators in the patient sample were interfered by syringe contamination in our center, and also in two other newborn screening centers, but the affected indicators were different in different screening centers. Conclusion: Syringe contamination will affect the detection of patient samples by tandem mass spectrometry and should be monitored carefully and immediately.

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Fumonisin B1 is the most prevalent member of a family of toxins, known as fumonisins, which occurs mainly in maize, wheat and other cereals. Due to its hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic in all animal species, very strict regulations have been imposed on the levels of fumonisin B1 in cereal and cereal-based foods worldwide. In this work, a rapid determination method of fumonisin B1 by membrane solid phase extraction coupled with solid-phase fluorescence analysis is developed. A rhodamine based fluorescent probe was used for derivatization with fumonisin B1. After derivatization and extraction by nylon membrane, the enriched fumonisin B1 can be detected directly on the membrane without further elution process that is placed in a designed spectra collection device. The established method showed a linear relationship in concentration range of 0.5-5.0 μg/L, with the R2 = 0.991, and a limit of detection of 0.119 μg/L. Method accuracy was further confirmed using LC-MS method by comparing the detection results of 3 corn powder samples spiked with FB1, that demonstrated equivalent results. The results of this study indicated that the proposed method was simple, sensitive, reliable and suitable for trace fumonisins B1 quantitation in corn-based feeds.

Preoperative and intraoperative assessments are very important for surgeons to plan or regulate tip projection. But how to measure the tip projection is a difficult problem even with a ruler or on full-size pictures. In this paper, the author introduces a method to measure the nasal tip projection with a remodeled syringe.Level of Evidence V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these evidence-based medicine ratings, please refer to the table of contents or the online instructions to authors www.springer.com/00266 .