这项回顾性研究旨在确定中国婴儿意外窒息死亡的流行病学特征。
本研究使用的数据来自2015年10月1日至2016年9月30日的中国5岁以下儿童死亡率监测系统(U5CMSS)。共有377名1岁以下儿童因意外窒息死亡。使用5岁以下儿童的意外窒息死亡率问卷对主要护理人员进行了单独采访。EpiData用于建立数据库,并使用SPSS22.0对结果进行分析。
大多数(85.9%)婴儿意外窒息发生在农村地区,67.5%发生在0~3个月的婴儿中。在婴儿的主要照顾者中,大多数(82.7%)初中以下文化程度,83.1%的人缺乏无意窒息的急救技能。在377例意外窒息婴儿死亡中,死亡原因为意外窒息和床上勒死(ASSB)(193,51.2%),吸入性窒息(154,40.8%),其他意外窒息(6%,1.6%),未知(24,6.4%)。在ASSB导致的婴儿死亡中,叠加(88.6%)是最常见的报告情况。报告的病例中有93.8%发生在与父母共睡/同床期间,在72.8%的病例中,婴儿和他们的父母盖着同样的被子。在我们的研究中,大多数吸入性窒息死亡(88.3%)涉及液体食物(如母乳和配方奶)。据报道,共有80.5%的婴儿死亡发生在进食后;在28.2%的病例中,婴儿被看护人直立并拍拍,57.2%的人在进食后立即躺下睡觉。
为了减少意外窒息的发生,地方政府应加强父母和照顾者对意外窒息预防和安全的知识和意识。此外,卫生保健提供者应教育父母和照顾者关于无意窒息的安全问题,并应出台相关政策,以提供减少窒息风险的环境和活动,比如推广安全睡眠运动。重要的是要加强对婴儿意外窒息作为健康问题的关注。
This retrospective study aimed to determine the epidemiological features of deaths caused by unintentional suffocation among infants in
China.
The data used in this study were obtained from
China\'s Under 5 Child Mortality Surveillance System (U5CMSS) from October 1, 2015, to September 30, 2016. A total of 377 children under 1 year of age who died from unintentional suffocation were included in the survey. Primary caregivers were interviewed individually using the Unintentional Suffocation Mortality among Children under 5 Questionnaire. EpiData was used to establish the database, and the results were analysed using SPSS 22.0.
Most (85.9%) unintentional infant suffocations occurred in rural areas, and 67.5% occurred in infants 0 to 3 months old. Among the primary caregivers of the infants, most (82.7%) had a junior middle school education or below, and 83.1% of them lacked unintentional suffocation first aid skills. Of the 377 unintentional suffocated-infant deaths, the causes of death were accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed (ASSB) (193, 51.2%), inhalation suffocation (154, 40.8%), other unintentional suffocation (6, 1.6%), and unknown (24, 6.4%). Among the infant deaths due to ASSB, overlaying (88.6%) was the most frequently reported circumstance. A total of 93.8% of cases reported occurred during co-sleeping/bed sharing with parents, and in 72.8% of the cases, the infants were covered with the same quilt as their parents. In our study, most inhalation suffocation deaths (88.3%) involved liquid food (such as breast milk and formula milk). A total of 80.5% of infant deaths reportedly occurred after eating; in 28.2% of those cases, the infants were held upright and patted by their caregivers, and 57.2% of them were laid down to sleep immediately after eating.
To reduce the occurrence of unintentional suffocation, local government should strengthen knowledge and awareness of unintentional suffocation prevention and safety among parents and caregivers. Additionally, health care providers should educate parents and caregivers about safety issues of unintentional suffocation, and relevant policies should be introduced to provide environments and activities that reduce the risk of suffocation, such as promoting the Safe to Sleep Campaign. It is important to enhance the focus on infant unintentional suffocation as a health issue.