2019年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)是几乎每个国家都报告的大流行疾病，会危及生命，严重的呼吸道症状。最近的研究表明，各种环境选择压力挑战严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒-2（SARS-CoV-2）的传染性，作为回应,病毒会产生新的突变,导致世卫组织关注的更强毒株的出现。应对温度和太阳紫外线辐射等主要环境选择压力，对即将到来的毒力SARS-CoV-2菌株的提前预测对于克服COVID-19是必不可少的。为了发现SARS-CoV-2的紫外线太阳辐射驱动的基因组适应性，对来自五个不同UVindex区域（25个国家）的2,500个全等级基因组的精选数据集进行了深入的下游全基因组分析。提取并广泛注释了对紫外线太阳辐射反应最好的复发变体，以确定它们对基因功能的可能影响和影响。这项研究揭示了515个复发的单核苷酸变体（rcntSNV）作为SARS-CoV-2基因组对紫外线太阳辐射的反应，其中380个被发现是不同的。对于所有发现的rcntSNV，检测到596个功能效应(rcnteffs)，包含290个错觉，194个同义词,81监管，和31在基因间区域。尖峰(27)和核衣壳(26)基因中错义rcntSNV计数最高,解释了SARS-CoV-2基因组调节逃避免疫和防止紫外线诱导的DNA损伤,分别。其中,最常见的rcnteffs是四种错觉(RdRp-Pro327Leu，N-Arg203Lys,N-Gly204Arg,和Spike-Asp614Gly）和一个同义（ORF1ab-Phe924Phe）功能效应。发现rcntSNV的最高数量是不同的，并且唯一归因于特定的UVindex区域，提出太阳紫外线辐射作为SARS-CoV-2差异基因组适应的驱动力之一。系统发育关系表明，高UVindex区域将SARS-CoV-2作为所有纳入样本的最新祖先。总之,这些结果提供了基线基因组数据,这些数据可能需要用于制备UVindex区域特异性未来诊断和疫苗制剂.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a pandemic disease reported in almost every country and causes life-threatening, severe respiratory symptoms. Recent studies showed that various environmental selection pressures challenge the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infectivity and, in response, the virus engenders new mutations, leading to the emergence of more virulent strains of WHO concern. Advance prediction of the forthcoming virulent SARS-CoV-2 strains in response to the principal environmental selection pressures like temperature and solar UV radiation is indispensable to overcome COVID-19. To discover the UV-solar radiation-driven genomic adaption of SARS-CoV-2, a curated dataset of 2,500 full-grade genomes from five different UVindex regions (25 countries) was subjected to in-depth downstream genome-wide analysis. The recurrent variants that best respond to UV-solar radiations were extracted and extensively annotated to determine their possible effects and impacts on gene functions. This study revealed 515 recurrent single nucleotide variants (rcntSNVs) as SARS-CoV-2 genomic responses to UV-solar radiation, of which 380 were found to be distinct. For all discovered rcntSNVs, 596 functional effects (rcntEffs) were detected, containing 290 missense, 194 synonymous, 81 regulatory, and 31 in the intergenic region. The highest counts of missense rcntSNVs in spike (27) and nucleocapsid (26) genes explain the SARS-CoV-2 genomic adjustment to escape immunity and prevent UV-induced DNA damage, respectively. Among all, the most commonly observed rcntEffs were four missenses (RdRp-Pro327Leu, N-Arg203Lys, N-Gly204Arg, and Spike-Asp614Gly) and one synonymous (ORF1ab-Phe924Phe) functional effects. The highest number of rcntSNVs found distinct and were uniquely attributed to the specific UVindex regions, proposing solar-UV radiation as one of the driving forces for SARS-CoV-2 differential genomic adaptation. The phylogenetic relationship indicated the high UVindex region populating SARS-CoV-2 as the recent progenitor of all included samples. Altogether, these results provide baseline genomic data that may need to be included for preparing UVindex region-specific future diagnostic and vaccine formulations.
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