叶绿素(Chl)介导的氧光合作用维持地球上的生命。绿化叶片在植物生长和作物产量中起着重要作用,与更多Chls导致更好适应的想法相关。然而,他们面临着来自各种不利环境的重大挑战。Chl生物合成取决于第一步,其中涉及将Mg2+插入原卟啉中。镁螯合酶(CHLH)的H亚基促进了这一步骤,并且具有从蓝细菌到植物的保守机制。为了更好地适应波动的土地环境,尤其是干旱,CHLH进化出多种生物学功能,包括Chl生物合成,逆行信号,和脱落酸(ABA)反应。此外,它整合到各种叶绿体衍生的信号通路中,包括逆行信号和激素信号。前者包括ROS(活性氧),血红素,GUN(未耦合的基因组),MEcPP(甲基赤藓糖醇环二磷酸),β-CC(β-cycitral),和PAP(3'-磷酸腺苷-5'-磷酸)。后者涉及植物激素,如ABA,乙烯,生长素,细胞分裂素,赤霉素,stragolactone,油菜素内酯,水杨酸,还有茉莉酸.一起,这些要素创建了一个针对植物发育和适应的协调监管网络。一个有趣的例子是干旱介导的水果品质改善如何提供对叶绿体衍生信号传导的见解,帮助从营养生长到生殖生长的转变。在这种情况下,我们探索将CHLH的多方面作用整合到叶绿体衍生的信号传导中,为植物的发育和适应奠定了基础,以及水果成熟和质量。在未来,操纵叶绿体衍生的信号可能提供了一个有希望的途径,通过稳态来提高作物产量和质量,函数,和Chls的调节。
Chlorophyll (Chl)-mediated oxygenic photosynthesis sustains life on Earth. Greening leaves play fundamental roles in plant growth and crop yield, correlating with the idea that more Chls lead to better adaptation. However, they face significant challenges from various unfavorable environments. Chl biosynthesis hinges on the first committed step, which involves inserting Mg2+ into protoporphyrin. This step is facilitated by the H subunit of magnesium chelatase (CHLH) and features a conserved mechanism from cyanobacteria to plants. For better adaptation to fluctuating land environments, especially drought, CHLH evolves multiple biological functions, including Chl biosynthesis, retrograde signaling, and abscisic acid (ABA) responses. Additionally, it integrates into various chloroplast-derived signaling pathways, encompassing both retrograde signaling and hormonal signaling. The former comprises ROS (reactive oxygen species), heme, GUN (genomes uncoupled), MEcPP (methylerythritol cyclodiphosphate), β-CC (β-cyclocitral), and PAP (3\'-phosphoadenosine-5\'-phosphate). The latter involves phytohormones like ABA, ethylene, auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, strigolactone, brassinolide, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid. Together, these elements create a coordinated regulatory network tailored to plant development and adaptation. An intriguing example is how drought-mediated improvement of fruit quality provides insights into chloroplast-derived signaling, aiding the shift from vegetative to reproductive growth. In this context, we explore the integration of CHLH\'s multifaceted roles into chloroplast-derived signaling, which lays the foundation for plant development and adaptation, as well as fruit ripening and quality. In the future, manipulating chloroplast-derived signaling may offer a promising avenue to enhance crop yield and quality through the homeostasis, function, and regulation of Chls.