Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disease in middle-aged and elderly men. It\'s first-line therapy is drugs. But with the progression of the disease or side effects of drugs, surgical treatment will become a better choice. However, either transurethral resection of the prostate, the standard procedure, or enucleation or resection of the prostate based on various laser platforms or plasma technologies cause a high incidence of retrograde ejaculation in their postoperative follow-up. In the past, retrograde ejaculation was usually regarded as the cost of benign prostatic hyperplasia surgery. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of surgical skills and the emergence of new techniques, retrograde ejaculation has aroused the attention of clinicians. This article mainly introduces the mechanism of retrograde ejaculation after benign prostatic hyperplasia surgery and the methods to reduce the incidence of retrograde ejaculation after surgery. These methods mainly include various modified surgery, as well as novel minimally invasive techniques such as prostate embolization and prostatic urethral lift.

UNASSIGNED: Preserving the sexual function of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients and reducing the incidence of postoperative retrograde ejaculation are critical for BPH patients with sexual needs.
UNASSIGNED: To explore the effect of complete preservation of the seminal tract during transurethral prostatectomy (TURP) on reducing retrograde ejaculation in BPH patients.
UNASSIGNED: BPH patients meeting the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into the Control group (traditional TURP) and the Experimental group (complete reserved ejaculatory duct) in a ratio of 1 : 1. Finally, data of 64 BPH patients - 34 in the Control group and 30 in the Experimental group - were analyzed. We measured the preoperative and postoperative maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), Quality of Life (QOL) score, semen volume, and ejaculation function.
UNASSIGNED: Compared with pre-operation values, patients in the two groups exhibited increased Qmax and decreased IPSS and QOL scores after the operation. However, there was no significant difference in Qmax, IPSS, or QOL between the Control and Experimental groups after the operation. The two groups of patients had a significant reduction in postoperative ejaculation. Compared with the Control group, the semen volume of patients was higher, and the incidence of retrograde ejaculation was lower in the Experimental group.
UNASSIGNED: Prostatectomy with complete preservation of the seminal tract is not different from conventional electrosurgical resection in improving urination symptoms, while the incidence of retrograde ejaculation is significantly lower.

UNASSIGNED: Hemangioma of the prostate is rarely reported. We here describe a hemangioma of the prostate in a 31-year-old man.
METHODS: The history, imaging characteristics, treatment and one year follow-up results were well documented. The chief complaint was retrograde ejaculation. A 3.1 cm × 2.9 cm mass in the prostate was detected by ultrasound. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) was performed.
UNASSIGNED: Pathological examination revealed the mass was hemangioma. Immunohistochemical study found the tissue was SMA, CD34, CD31 positive, but D2-40 negative. Imaging feature combined with pathological result suggests the diagnosis of hemangioma of the prostate. One year follow-up revealed the patient was infertile.
CONCLUSIONS: We suggest TURP should be performed to remove the hemangioma. Combined treatment is necessary to resolve the patient\'s infertility.

UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of holmium laser enucleation of prostate (HoLEP) by using en-bloc and bladder neck preservation technique on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and assess the influence of this procedure on urinary and sexual functional outcomes.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 704 patients with BPH undergoing HoLEP were retrospectively analysed. Amongst them, 213 who met the sexual function assessment criteria were further assessed the influence of the technique on sexual functional outcomes.
UNASSIGNED: The mean operative time, resected prostate weight and mean estimated blood loss were 69.3±14.8 min, 53.4±17.6 g and 62.1±23.7 mL, respectively. The mean duration of catheterization after surgery and mean hospital stay were 2.1±1 and 5.4±3.6 days, respectively. The post-void residual volume, maximum urinary flow rate, international prostate symptom score and quality of life score were all significantly improved postoperation (P<0.05). Amongst the 213 patients with normal antegrade ejaculation before surgery, postoperative international index of erectile function scores slightly improved, although the difference was insignificant (P>0.05). The difference in the Erection Hardness Grading Scale before and after surgery was statistically insignificant (P>0.05). A total of 25 (11.7%) patients had retrograde ejaculation after surgery.
UNASSIGNED: HoLEP by an en-bloc and bladder neck preservation technique can obtain good functional outcome with small injury and high efficiency, especially for patients who need to preserve normal sexual function and anterograde ejaculation.

BACKGROUND: Even though transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is the standard surgical treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), there is a high rate of postoperative retrograde ejaculation.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of TURP with preservation of the bladder neck in comparison with that of standard TURP.
METHODS: This is a retrospective study. 137 men with BPH were divided into two groups: TURP with preservation of the bladder neck and standard TURP were performed respectively in group A and group B. The patients were evaluated preoperatively and at 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery by International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), health-related quality of life (HRQL) score, maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), postvoid residual urine volume (PVR) and the rate of complications including retrograde ejaculation.
RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between groups in terms of the operative duration, catheterization period, hemoglobin decrease, and hospital stay. At the 3-month follow-up, the rates of incontinence and retrograde ejaculation in group A were lower than those in group B. At the 6- and 12-month follow-ups, the difference in the frequency of retrograde ejaculation remained constantly stable whereas the incontinence rates were similar in both groups. The IPSS, HRQL score, Qmax, PVR and the rate of complications including hematuria, clot retention, urinary tract infection, urethral stricture, and bladder neck contracture evaluated at 3, 6 and 12 months also displayed a very similar response in the two groups.
CONCLUSIONS: Comparable with standard TURP, TURP with preservation of the bladder neck appears to provide a satisfactory clinical outcome in decreasing early postoperative incontinence and lowering the rate of retrograde ejaculation.

Ejaculatory dysfunction is an uncommon cause of male infertility. The aim of this study was to explore non-invasive methods for sperm retrieval in anejaculatory diabetic men who failed in drug treatment and penile vibratory stimulation during blood sugar under control. Among 21 anejaculatory diabetic men who had failed in drug treatment and penile vibratory stimulation, sperm was collected by retrograde ejaculation in 10 patients (group A), and in eight patients, sperm was collected by prostatic massage (group B). We compared the outcome of subsequent assisted reproductive treatment between the two groups; the rate of fertility in group A and in group B was 78.3% and 66.6% respectively, and the rate of good embryo was 56.6% and 48.8% respectively. Eight singleton pregnancies were achieved in the 18 anejaculatory diabetic men, 5 in group A and 3 in group B, the rate of pregnancy between the two groups was 50% and 37.5% respectively. There was no significant difference in the rate of fertility, good embryo rate and pregnancy outcome between the two groups.