降低活性氧(ROS)的清除能力和增强ROS的产生是开发用于声动力疗法(SDT)的新型声敏剂的两个主要目标。在这里,我们设计了一种原卟啉敏化的铋基半导体(P-NBOF)作为一种声敏剂,以产生ROS和协同消耗的谷胱甘肽,从而增强肿瘤的SDT.铋基纳米材料(NBOF)是一种宽带隙半导体。原卟啉的敏化使得在超声刺激下更容易激发电子,原卟啉中最低未占据电子轨道的能量高于NBOF的导带能量。在超声波激励下,原卟啉中的激发电子被注入到NBOF的导带中,增加其还原能力,从而产生更多的超氧阴离子自由基,也有助于增加原卟啉的电荷分离,从而产生更多的单线态氧。同时,P-NBOF持续耗尽谷胱甘肽,这不仅有利于打破肿瘤微环境的氧化还原平衡,增强SDT的治疗效果,而且还促进了它的降解和新陈代谢。因此,该P-NBOF超声增敏剂的构建提供了增强肿瘤SDT的有效策略。重要声明:为了提高声动力肿瘤治疗的疗效,通过优化能带结构和谷胱甘肽消耗能力,我们开发了可降解的原卟啉敏化铋基纳米半导体(P-NBOF)。P-NBOF中的原卟啉在激发下优先产生自由电子,然后注入到NBOF的导带中,提高NBOF的还原能力,促进电子-空穴对的分离,从而提高活性氧的生产能力。此外,P-NBOF可以消耗谷胱甘肽,减少活性氧的清除,并重新激活和放大声动力疗法的效果。纳米治疗平台的构建提供了增强声动力治疗的选择。
Decreasing the scavenging capacity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhancing ROS production are the two principal objectives in the development of novel sonosensitizers for sonodynamic therapy (SDT). Herein, we designed a
protoporphyrin-sensitized bismuth-based semiconductor (P-NBOF) as a sonosensitizer to generate ROS and synergistically depleted glutathione for enhanced SDT against tumors. The bismuth-based nanomaterial (NBOF) is a wide-bandgap semiconductor. Sensitization by
protoporphyrin made it easier to excite electrons under ultrasonic stimulation, and the energy of the lowest unoccupied electron orbital in
protoporphyrin was higher than the conduction-band energy of NBOF. Under ultrasound excitation, the excited electrons in the
protoporphyrin were injected into the conduction band of the NBOF, increasing its reducing ability leading to the production of more superoxide anion radicals and also helping to increase the charge separation of protoporphyrin leading to the production of more singlet oxygen. Meanwhile, P-NBOF continuously depleted glutathione, which was not only conducive to breaking the redox balance of the tumor microenvironment to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of SDT, but also promoted its degradation and metabolism. The construction of this P-NBOF sonosensitizer thus provided an effective strategy to enhance SDT for tumors. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: To enhance the efficacy of sonodynamic tumor therapy, we developed a degradable protoporphyrin-sensitized bismuth-based nano-semiconductor (P-NBOF) by optimizing the band structure and glutathione-depletion ability.
Protoporphyrin in P-NBOF under excitation preferentially generates free electrons, which are then injected into the conduction band of NBOF, improving the reducing ability of NBOF and promoting the separation of electron-hole pairs, thereby enhancing the production capacity of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, P-NBOF can deplete glutathione, reduce the scavenging of reactive oxygen species, and reactivate and amplify the effect of sonodynamic therapy. The construction of the nanotherapeutic platform provides an option for enhancing sonodynamic therapy.