■HMGB1是响应于组织损伤或感染而从细胞释放或分泌的非组蛋白染色质蛋白。细胞外HMGB1作为重要的免疫调节因子,与几种不同的受体结合,以加重急性和慢性肝病的先天炎症反应。HMGB1水平的升高已经在各种肝脏疾病中被报道,强调它代表了治疗开发的潜在生物标志物和药物靶标。
■这篇综述总结了有关结构的当前知识,HMGB1的功能和相互作用受体及其在多种肝病中的意义。HMGB1抑制剂的最新专利和临床前研究(抗体,肽和小分子)通过使用关键词\'HMGB1,\'\'HMGB1拮抗剂/抑制剂,\'\'肝病\'在WebofScience,谷歌学者,谷歌专利,和PubMed数据库在2017-2023年。
■近年来,对HMGB1依赖性炎症信号的广泛研究发现了HMGB1的有效抑制剂可以减轻肝损伤的严重程度。尽管HMGB1拮抗剂的开发取得了重大进展,其中很少被批准用于肝脏相关疾病的临床治疗。开发针对不同HMGB1亚型及其与受体相互作用的安全有效的特异性抑制剂是未来研究的重点。
UNASSIGNED: HMGB1 is a non-histone chromatin protein released or secreted in response to tissue damage or infection. Extracellular HMGB1, as a crucial immunomodulatory factor, binds with several different receptors to innate inflammatory responses that aggravate acute and chronic liver diseases. The increased levels of HMGB1 have been reported in various liver diseases, highlighting that it represents a potential biomarker and druggable target for therapeutic development.
UNASSIGNED: This review summarizes the current knowledge on the structure, function, and interacting receptors of HMGB1 and its significance in multiple liver diseases. The latest patented and preclinical studies of HMGB1 inhibitors (antibodies, peptides, and small molecules) for liver diseases are summarized by using the keywords \'HMGB1,\' \'HMGB1 antagonist, HMGB1-inhibitor,\' \'liver disease\' in Web of Science, Google Scholar, Google Patents, and PubMed databases in the year from 2017 to 2023.
UNASSIGNED: In recent years, extensive research on HMGB1-dependent inflammatory signaling has discovered potent inhibitors of HMGB1 to reduce the severity of liver injury. Despite significant progress in the development of HMGB1 antagonists, few of them are approved for clinical treatment of liver-related diseases. Developing safe and effective specific inhibitors for different HMGB1 isoforms and their interaction with receptors is the focus of future research.