为了调查,无论语言背景(音调或非音调),音乐家可能比非音乐家表现出更强的CP;检查以英语为母语的人(此后的英语或非音调音乐家)或普通话(此后的普通话或音调音乐家)是否可以更好地适应同一声音提示的多种功能,以及音乐家对词汇音调的敏感性是否以较慢的处理速度为代价。
英语和普通话音乐家和非音乐家对具有9个持续时间值的两个元音的基本频率的上升和下降连续进行了分类识别和区分任务。
非音调音乐家比非音调非音乐家表现出明显更强的音调轮廓分类感知。然而,音调音乐家并没有始终比音调非音乐家更明确地感知两种类型的音调方向。与非音乐家相比,音调和非音调音乐家也从处理音高变化的刺激持续时间增加中受益更多,并且他们通常需要更少的时间进行音高处理。音乐家对音高感知和音高类型差异的内在F0也更敏感。
在非音调扬声器中,音乐训练的效果比音调扬声器更一致地增强了分类感知。总的来说,音乐家从增加的刺激持续时间中受益更多,也许是由于它们对时间信息更敏感,从而使他们能够更好地形成一个更强大的听觉表示和匹配的声音内化记忆模板。音乐家还参与了更多的声学细节,例如音高处理中的固有F0和音高类型,然而,总的来说,他们的音高分类并没有因为他们的听觉短期工作记忆中这些声学细节的痕迹而受到影响。这些发现可能会更好地理解特殊人群的音高感知缺陷,特别是在被诊断患有自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)的个体中。
To investigate if, regardless of language background (tonal or non-tonal), musicians may show stronger CP than non-musicians; To examine if native speakers of English (English or non-tonal musicians henceforth) or Mandarin Chinese (Mandarin or tonal musicians henceforth) can better accommodate multiple functions of the same acoustic cue and if musicians\' sensitivity to pitch of lexical tones comes at the cost of slower processing.
English and Mandarin Musicians and non-musicians performed a categorical identification and a discrimination task on rising and falling continua of fundamental frequency on two vowels with 9 duration values.
Non-tonal musicians exhibited significantly stronger categorical perception of pitch contour than non-tonal non-musicians. However, tonal musicians did not consistently perceive the two types of pitch directions more categorically than tonal non-musicians. Both tonal and non-tonal musicians also benefited more from increasing stimulus duration in processing pitch changes than non-musicians and they generally require less time for pitch processing. Musicians were also more sensitive to intrinsic F0 in pitch perception and differences of pitch types.
The effect of musical training strengthens categorical perception more consistently in non-tonal speakers than tonal speakers. Overall, musicians benefit more from increased stimulus duration, due perhaps to their greater sensitivity to temporal information, thus allowing them to be better at forming a more robust auditory representation and matching sounds to internalized memory templates. Musicians also attended more to acoustic details such as intrinsic F0 and pitch types in pitch processing, and yet, overall, their categorization of pitch was not compromised by traces of these acoustic details from their auditory short-term working memory. These findings may lead to a better understanding of pitch perception deficits in special populations, particularly among individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).