Traditional manual blood smear diagnosis methods are time-consuming and prone to errors, often relying heavily on the experience of clinical laboratory analysts for accuracy. As breakthroughs in key technologies such as neural networks and deep learning continue to drive digital transformation in the medical field, image recognition technology is increasingly being leveraged to enhance existing medical processes. In recent years, advancements in computer technology have led to improved efficiency in the identification of blood cells in blood smears through the use of image recognition technology. This paper provides a comprehensive summary of the methods and steps involved in utilizing image recognition algorithms for diagnosing diseases in blood smears, with a focus on malaria and leukemia. Furthermore, it offers a forward-looking research direction for the development of a comprehensive blood cell pathological detection system.

OBJECTIVE: Current national or regional guidelines for the pathology reporting on invasive breast cancer differ in certain aspects, resulting in divergent reporting practice and a lack of comparability of data. Here we report on a new international dataset for the pathology reporting of resection specimens with invasive cancer of the breast. The dataset was produced under the auspices of the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR), a global alliance of major (inter-)national pathology and cancer organizations.
RESULTS: The established ICCR process for dataset development was followed. An international expert panel consisting of breast pathologists, a surgeon, and an oncologist prepared a draft set of core and noncore data items based on a critical review and discussion of current evidence. Commentary was provided for each data item to explain the rationale for selecting it as a core or noncore element, its clinical relevance, and to highlight potential areas of disagreement or lack of evidence, in which case a consensus position was formulated. Following international public consultation, the document was finalized and ratified, and the dataset, which includes a synoptic reporting guide, was published on the ICCR website.
CONCLUSIONS: This first international dataset for invasive cancer of the breast is intended to promote high-quality, standardized pathology reporting. Its widespread adoption will improve consistency of reporting, facilitate multidisciplinary communication, and enhance comparability of data, all of which will help to improve the management of invasive breast cancer patients.

With the continuous development of informatization, digitalization and artificial intelligence technology, the working mode of the pathology department has gradually changed from the traditional manual check, paper circulation and physical carrier storage to the informatization process and digital storage. The traditional pathology discipline has ushered in unprecedented opportunities and challenges. Digital pathology department also emerge as the times require. Simultaneously, with the full integration of artificial intelligence technology in pathology department, the concept of \"department of digital and intelligentialized pathology\" was proposed. Based on information and digital technology, the digital intelligent pathology department integrates intelligent management system, optimizes the previous cumbersome management and workflow of the pathology department, develops advanced technologies such as intelligent material extraction, unmanned organization processing, artificial intelligence quality control, artificial intelligence diagnosis, and promotes the intelligent construction of the pathology department.
随着信息化、数字化、人工智能技术的不断发展，病理科的工作模式已从传统的人工核对、纸质化流转、实体化载体存储逐渐向信息化流程和数字化存储转变，传统病理学科迎来了前所未有的机遇与挑战。数字化病理科也在这样的时代背景下应运而生，同时随着人工智能技术在病理科的全方位融入，我们提出“数智化病理科”的概念。数智化病理科以信息化和数字化技术为基础，融合智能管理系统，将以往繁琐的病理科管理和工作流程进行优化，发展智慧取材、无人操控组织处理、人工智能质控、人工智能诊断等先进技术，推进病理科的智慧化建设。.

Self-supervised representation learning (SSL) has achieved remarkable success in its application to natural images while falling behind in performance when applied to whole-slide pathological images (WSIs). This is because the inherent characteristics of WSIs in terms of gigapixel resolution and multiple objects in training patches are fundamentally different from natural images. Directly transferring the state-of-the-art (SOTA) SSL methods designed for natural images to WSIs will inevitably compromise their performance. We present a novel scheme SGCL: Spatial Guided Contrastive Learning, to fully explore the inherent properties of WSIs, leveraging the spatial proximity and multi-object priors for stable self-supervision. Beyond the self-invariance of instance discrimination, we expand and propagate the spatial proximity for the intra-invariance from the same WSI and inter-invariance from different WSIs, as well as propose the spatial-guided multi-cropping for inner-invariance within patches. To adaptively explore such spatial information without supervision, we propose a new loss function and conduct a theoretical analysis to validate it. This novel scheme of SGCL is able to achieve additional improvements over the SOTA pre-training methods on diverse downstream tasks across multiple datasets. Extensive ablation studies have been carried out and visualizations of these results have been presented to aid understanding of the proposed SGCL scheme. As open science, all codes and pre-trained models are available at https://github.com/HHHedo/SGCL.

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features, treatment, and prognosis of hepatic angiosarcoma. Methods: Clinicopathological data and prognostic conditions of 18 cases with hepatic angiosarcoma were collected retrospectively. The recurrence-free survival rate and overall survival rate were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. A Cox regression analysis was used to explore the survival-related risk factors. Results: There were 12 male and 6 female patients, with an average age of 57 (37 ~ 70) years. The tumor\'s average diameter was 8.40 (2.00 ~ 18.00) cm. Seven cases had multiple tumors, while two cases had large vessel tumor thrombuses. Microscopically, the tumor tissues were irregularly anastomosed, with vascular lacunar or solid bundle-like weaving, and the tissue morphology mimicked capillary hemangioma, cavernous hemangioma, or angioepithelioma, while tumor cells were spindle-shaped or epithelioid, lined with hobnails in the lumen, or formed papillary structures in the lumen. The proportion of highly, moderately, and poorly differentiated tumors was 4:8:6, with six cases having clear tumor boundaries, eight having microvascular tumor thrombi, and sixteen having blood lake formation. Different levels of expression of CD31, CD34, erythroblast transformation-specific related genes, and Fli-1 markers were demonstrated in all of the cases. Four cases had a P53 mutation, and six cases had Ki-67 > 10%. During the follow-up period of 0.23-114.20 months, the five-year recurrence-free survival rate and overall survival rate were 16.7% and 37.2%, respectively. Cox regression multivariate analysis showed that preoperative symptoms and multiple tumors were significant risk factors for recurrence-free survival, while preoperative symptoms and Ki-67 > 10% were significant risk factors for overall survival. Conclusion: Hepatic angiosarcoma is a rare hepatic mesenchymal tumor with high malignancy and a poor prognosis. Pathological morphology and immunohistochemical marker combinations are needed for a definite diagnosis. However, the complexity of angiosarcomas\' histological and cytological conformations and the overlap of pathological features with benign vascular tumors, sarcomas, and carcinomas pose difficulties in the differential diagnosis. Thus, the only effective ways to prolong survival are early detection and radical surgical resection.
目的： 探讨肝血管肉瘤的临床病理特征和治疗预后。 方法： 回顾性收集18例肝血管肉瘤患者的临床病理信息和预后情况，Kaplan-Meier法计算无复发生存率和总生存率，Cox回归分析探索生存相关风险因素。 结果： 患者男性12例，女性6例，平均年龄57（37~70）岁。肿瘤平均直径8.40 （2.00~18.00）cm，多发肿瘤7例，2例有大血管瘤栓。镜下肿瘤组织排列呈不规则吻合状血管腔隙样或实性束状编织状，组织形态上可模拟毛细血管瘤、海绵状血管瘤或血管外皮瘤。瘤细胞可呈梭形或上皮样，呈靴钉样衬覆于管腔或在管腔内形成乳头状结构。高、中、低分化肿瘤占比为4∶8∶6，6例肿瘤边界清晰，8例有微血管瘤栓，16例见血湖形成。全部病例不同程度表达CD31、CD34、成红细胞转化特异性相关基因、Fli-1标志物，P53突变病例4例，Ki-67 > 10%病例6例。随访0.23~114.20个月，5年无复发生存率为16.7%，5年总生存率为37.2%。Cox回归多因素分析提示，术前有症状、多发肿瘤为无复发生存的显著风险因素，术前有症状、Ki-67 > 10%为总生存的显著风险因素。 结论： 肝血管肉瘤是一种罕见的肝脏间叶源性肿瘤，恶性程度高，预后差，确诊需结合病理形态和免疫组织化学标志物情况。复杂的组织和细胞学构象以及与良性血管源性肿瘤、肉瘤、癌在病理特征上的重叠是血管肉瘤鉴别诊断的难点。早期发现和根治性手术切除是延长生存期仅有的有效方法。.

Objective: To analyze the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) . Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 68 patients with testicular DLBCL admitted to Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from October 2001 to April 2020. The gene mutation profile was evaluated by targeted sequencing (55 lymphoma-related genes) , and prognostic factors were analyzed. Results: A total of 68 patients were included, of whom 45 (66.2% ) had primary testicular DLBCL and 23 (33.8% ) had secondary testicular DLBCL. The proportion of secondary testicular DLBCL patients with Ann Arbor stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ (P<0.001) , elevated LDH (P<0.001) , ECOG score ≥ 2 points (P=0.005) , and IPI score 3-5 points (P<0.001) is higher than that of primary testicular DLBCL patients. Sixty-two (91% ) patients received rituximab in combination with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) -based first-line regimen, whereas 54 cases (79% ) underwent orchiectomy prior to chemotherapy. Patients with secondary testicular DLBCL had a lower estimated 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate (16.5% vs 68.1% , P<0.001) and 5-year overall survival (OS) rate (63.4% vs 74.9% , P=0.008) than those with primary testicular DLBCL, and their complete remission rate (57% vs 91% , P=0.003) was also lower than that of primary testicular DLBCL. The ECOG scores of ≥2 (PFS: P=0.018; OS: P<0.001) , Ann Arbor stages Ⅲ-Ⅳ (PFS: P<0.001; OS: P=0.018) , increased LDH levels (PFS: P=0.015; OS: P=0.006) , and multiple extra-nodal involvements (PFS: P<0.001; OS: P=0.013) were poor prognostic factors in testicular DLBCL. Targeted sequencing data in 20 patients with testicular DLBCL showed that the mutation frequencies of ≥20% were PIM1 (12 cases, 60% ) , MYD88 (11 cases, 55% ) , CD79B (9 cases, 45% ) , CREBBP (5 cases, 25% ) , KMT2D (5 cases, 25% ) , ATM (4 cases, 20% ) , and BTG2 (4 cases, 20% ) . The frequency of mutations in KMT2D in patients with secondary testicular DLBCL was higher than that in patients with primary testicular DLBCL (66.7% vs 7.1% , P=0.014) and was associated with a lower 5-year PFS rate in patients with testicular DLBCL (P=0.019) . Conclusion: Patients with secondary testicular DLBCL had worse PFS and OS than those with primary testicular DLBCL. The ECOG scores of ≥2, Ann Arbor stages Ⅲ-Ⅳ, increased LDH levels, and multiple extra-nodal involvements were poor prognostic factors in testicular DLBCL. PIM1, MYD88, CD79B, CREBBP, KMT2D, ATM, and BTG2 were commonly mutated genes in testicular DLBCL, and the prognosis of patients with KMT2D mutations was poor.
目的： 探讨睾丸弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤（DLBCL）的临床病理特征及预后。 方法： 回顾性分析2001年10月至2020年4月上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院收治的68例睾丸DLBCL患者的临床病理资料，采用靶向测序（55个淋巴瘤相关基因）评估患者的基因突变情况，同时进行生存和预后因素分析。 结果： 68例睾丸DLBCL中，原发睾丸DLBCL患者45例（66.2%），继发睾丸DLBCL患者23例（33.8%）。继发睾丸DLBCL患者Ann Arbor分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期（P<0.001）、LDH升高（P<0.001）、ECOG评分≥2分（P＝0.005）、IPI评分3~5分（P<0.001）的比例高于原发睾丸DLBCL患者。62例（91%）患者接受以R-CHOP（利妥昔单抗+环磷酰胺+阿霉素+长春新碱+泼尼松）方案为基础的治疗，54例（79%）患者在化疗前接受睾丸切除术。继发睾丸DLBCL患者的预期5年无进展生存（PFS）率（16.5%对68.1%，P<0.001）及预期5年总生存（OS）率（63.4%对74.9%，P＝0.008）低于原发睾丸DLBCL患者，继发睾丸DLBCL患者的完全缓解率（57%对91%，P＝0.003）也低于原发患者。ECOG评分≥2分（PFS：P＝0.018；OS：P<0.001）、Ann Arbor分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期（PFS：P<0.001；OS：P＝0.018）、LDH升高（PFS：P＝0.015；OS：P＝0.006）、多结外受累（PFS：P<0.001；OS：P＝0.013）是睾丸DLBCL患者的不良预后因素。20例睾丸DLBCL患者的靶向测序结果显示，突变频率≥20%的突变基因为PIM1（12例，60%）、MYD88（11例，55%）、CD79B（9例，45%）、CREBBP（5例，25%）、KMT2D（5例，25%）、ATM（4例，20%）、BTG2（4例，20%），继发睾丸DLBCL患者KMT2D突变发生率高于原发睾丸DLBCL患者（66.7%对7.1%，P＝0.014），且与睾丸DLBCL患者较低的5年PFS率相关（P＝0.019）。 结论： 继发睾丸DLBCL患者的PFS和OS较原发睾丸DLBCL患者更差。ECOG评分≥2分、Ann Arbor分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、LDH升高和多结外受累为睾丸DLBCL的不良预后因素。PIM1、MYD88、CD79B、CREBBP、KMT2D、ATM、BTG2是睾丸DLBCL中常见的突变，KMT2D突变患者预后不佳。.

Accurate evaluation of residual cancer burden remains challenging because of the lack of appropriate techniques for tumor bed sampling. This study evaluated the application of a white light imaging system to help pathologists differentiate the components and location of tumor bed in specimens.
The high dynamic range dual-mode white light imaging (HDR-DWI) system was developed to capture antiglare reflection and multiexposure HDR transmission images. It was tested in 60 specimens of modified radical mastectomy after neoadjuvant therapy. We observed the differential transmittance among tumor tissue, fibrosis tissue, and adipose tissue.
The sensitivity and specificity of HDR-DWI were compared with x-ray or visual examination to determine whether HDR-DWI was superior in identifying tumor beds. We found that tumor tissue had lower transmittance (0.12 ± 0.03) than fibers (0.15 ± 0.04) and fats (0.27 ± 0.07) (P < .01).
HDR-DWI was more sensitive in identifying fiber and tumor tissues than cabinet x-ray and visual observation (P < .01). In addition, HDR-DWI could identify more fibrosis areas than the currently used whole slide imaging did in 12 samples (12/60). We have determined that HDR-DWI can provide more in-depth tumor bed information than x-ray and visual examination do, which will help prevent diagnostic errors in tumor bed sampling.

OBJECTIVE: Soft-tissue tumours are rare and both accurate diagnosis and proper treatment represent a global challenge. Current treatment guidelines also recommend review by specialised pathologists. Here we report on international consensus-based datasets for the pathology reporting of biopsy and resection specimens of soft-tissue sarcomas. The datasets were produced under the auspices of the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR), a global alliance of international pathology and cancer organisations.
RESULTS: According to the ICCR\'s guidelines for dataset development, an international expert panel consisting of pathologists, a surgical oncologist, and a medical oncologist produced a set of core and noncore data items for biopsy and resection specimens based on a critical review and discussion of current evidence. All professionals involved were subspecialised soft-tissue sarcoma experts and affiliated with tertiary referral centres. Commentary was provided for each data item to explain the rationale for selecting it as a core or noncore element, its clinical relevance, and to highlight potential areas of disagreement or lack of evidence, in which case a consensus position was formulated. Following international public consultation, the documents were finalised and ratified, and the datasets, which included a synoptic reporting guide, were published on the ICCR website.
CONCLUSIONS: These first international datasets for soft-tissue sarcomas are aimed to promote high-quality, standardised pathology reporting. Their adoption will improve consistency of reporting, facilitate multidisciplinary communication, and enhance comparability of data, all of which will help to improve patient\'s management.

Digital pathological scanners transform traditional glass slides into whole slide images (WSIs), which significantly improve the efficiency of pathological diagnosis and promote the development of digital pathology. However, the huge economic burden limits the spread and application of general WSI scanners in relatively remote and backward regions. In this paper, we develop an automatic portable cytopathology scanner based on mobile internet, Landing-Smart, to avert the above problems. Landing-Smart is a tiny device with a size of 208 mm × 107 mm × 104 mm and a weight of 1.8 kg, which integrates four main components including a smartphone, a glass slide carrier, an electric controller, and an optical imaging unit. By leveraging a simple optical imaging unit to substitute the sophisticated but complex conventional light microscope, the cost of Landing-Smart is less than $3000, much cheaper than general WSI scanners. On the one hand, Landing-Smart utilizes the built-in camera of the smartphone to acquire field of views (FoVs) in the section one by one. On the other hand, it uploads the images to the cloud server in real time via mobile internet, where the image processing and stitching method is implemented to generate the WSI of the cytological sample. The practical assessment of 209 cervical cytological specimens has demonstrated that Landing-Smart is comparable to general digital scanners in cytopathology diagnosis. Landing-Smart provides an effective tool for preliminary cytological screening in underdeveloped areas.

近年来，随着成像技术和细针穿刺技术的进步，超声、CT及MRI等成像技术引导细针穿刺细胞学/活检的临床应用得到了广泛推广和普及，各类细针穿刺细胞/活检标本明显增多。同一病例细针穿刺标本往往既包括细胞学材料，也包括小的组织学材料，分别涉及细胞病理学和组织病理学专科领域。在临床病理实现专科化发展的大趋势下，如何综合利用、恰当分配有限的细针穿刺材料，整合细胞和组织病理医师的观点，在作出明确诊断的同时，又能够尽可能满足临床对治疗相关免疫及分子检测的需要，已经成为病理临床实践中必须面对的一个挑战。本文拟结合学科发展前沿方向和国内病理界的实际情况，对成像技术引导细针穿刺细胞学/活检应用概况、对临床病理实践的挑战及完善操作程序、提高诊断获益的应对策略等相关问题进行讨论，以期引起国内同仁的关注。.