农业生产消耗了全球大部分淡水资源。当各地区寻求粮食自给自足时,日益严重的水资源短缺给农业生产带来了巨大压力。寻求目标区域各水功能区农业水、土地资源的空间优化配置,建立了多目标优化模型,以解决考虑虚拟水贸易(VWT)的节水目标和经济效益目标之间的权衡。考虑了每个水功能区中每种作物的耕地面积作为决策变量,而一系列强有力的约束被用来限制土地资源和水资源的供应。然后,提出了一种分解-单纯形法聚合算法(DSMA)来解决这种非线性问题,边界约束,多目标优化模型。在对各农产品中的空间蓝绿虚水进行定量分析的基础上,所提出的方法被应用于现实世界,中国省级区域(即,江苏省)。优化结果为江苏省21个Ⅳ级水功能区的土地资源重新分配提供了18种帕累托解决方案,考虑到四种主要的雨季作物和两种旱季作物。与实际情况相比,优势方案经济贸易增长7.95%(5.6×109元人民币),农业用水量下降1.77%(2.0×109m3)。这主要是因为通过改善空间土地资源配置,充分发挥了江苏空间蓝绿虚拟水的潜力。江苏的粮食安全可以通过在上级方案中实现自给自足来保证,最优方案中的总VWT是实际方案的2.2倍。研究结果从空间虚拟水协调的角度提供了系统的决策支持方法,然而,该方法具有广泛的适用性。
Agricultural production consumes the majority of global freshwater resources. The worsening water scarcity has imposed significant stress on agricultural production when regions seek food self-sufficiency. To seek optimal allocation of spatial agricultural water and land resources in each water function zone of the objective region, a multi-objective optimization model was developed to tackle the trade-offs between the water-saving objective and the economic benefit objective considering virtual water trade (VWT). The cultivated area of each crop in each water function zone was taken into account as the decision variable, while a set of strong constraints were used to restrict land resources and water availability. Then, a decomposition-simplex method aggregation algorithm (DSMA) was proposed to solve this nonlinear, bounding-constrained, and multi-objective optimization model. Based on the quantitative analysis of the spatial blue and green virtual water in each agricultural product, the proposed methodology was applied to a real-world, provincial-scale region in
China (i.e., Jiangsu Province). The optimized results provided 18 Pareto solutions to reallocate the land resources in the 21 IV-level water function zones of Jiangsu Province, considering four major rainy-season crops and two dry-season crops. Compared to the actual scenario, the superior scheme increased by 7.95% (5.6 × 109 RMB) for economic trade and decreased by 1.77% (2.0 × 109 m3) for agricultural water consumption. It was mainly because the potential of spatial blue and green virtual water in Jiangsu was fully exploited by improving spatial land resource allocation. The food security of Jiangsu could be guaranteed by achieving self-sufficiency in the superior scheme, and the total VWT in the optimal scheme was 2.2 times more than the actual scenario. The results provided a systematic decision-support methodology from the perspective of spatial virtual water coordination, yet, the methodology is widely applicable.