暂无摘要。

BACKGROUND: The Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination of the United States Level 1 (COMLEX 1) is important for medical students to be able to graduate. There is a glaring need to identify students who are at a significant risk of performing poorly on COMLEX 1 as early as possible so that extra assistance can be provided to those students. Our goal is to produce a reliable predictive model to identify students who are at risk of scoring lower than 500 on COMLEX 1 at the earliest possible time.
METHODS: Academic data from medical students who matriculated at Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine between 2011 and 2017 were obtained. Odds ratios were used to assess the predictors for scoring lower than 500 on COMLEX 1. Correlation with COMLEX 1 scores was assessed with Pearson correlation coefficient. The predictive models were developed by multiple logistic regression, backward logistic regression, and logistic regression with average scores in courses in the first three semesters, and were based on performances on the Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT) before admission, as well as students\' performances in preclinical courses during the first three semesters. The models were generated in about 82% of the student performance data and were then validated in the remaining 18% of the data.
RESULTS: Odds ratios showed that MCAT scores and final grades in each course in the first three semesters were significant in predicting a score lower than 500 on COMLEX 1. Performances in third-semester courses including Renal System II, Cardiovascular System II, and Respiratory System II were most important in prediction. The three predictive models had sensitivities of 65.8 -71%, and specificities of 83.2 - 88.2% in predicting a score lower than 500 on COMLEX 1.
CONCLUSIONS: Lower MCAT scores and lower grades in the first three semesters of medical school predict scoring lower than 500 on COMLEX 1. Students who are identified at risk by our models will have a 65.8 -71% chance of actually scoring lower than 500 on COMLEX 1. Those students will have enough time to receive assistance before taking COMLEX 1.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the concept and norm of fracture healing with osteopathy in traditional Mongolian medicine (TMM).
METHODS: Based on the correspondence between man and the universe (including psychosomatic integration) in fracture healing with osteopathy in TMM, we used modern physio-psychological and biomechanical principles and methods to probe the integrated, dynamic and functional characteristics of fracture healing.
RESULTS: Based on the integration of limbs and the body, unification of the body and function and harmony of man and nature (including psychosomatic integration), fracture healing with osteopathy in TMM comprises the concept of natural functional healing of fractures, and follows the norm of considering physiological healing and psychological function as well as limb healing and motor function.
CONCLUSIONS: Fracture healing with osteopathy in TMM is characterized by a lack of trauma without future complications. This therapy makes the concept of fracture healing develop in the direction of humanity, behaviorism and integration.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biological macro-idea and criterion of osteopathic fracture immobilization in China\'s traditional Mongolian medicine.
METHODS: Based on biological naturalism regarding the relationship between man and universe (including psychosomatic integration) in osteopathic fracture immobilization in China\'s traditional Mongolian medicine, we used modern physiopsychological and biomechanical principles and methods to investigate the biological macro-characteristics of humanization, behaviorism, and wholism in \"dynamic\" fixation of fractures.
RESULTS: Osteopathic fracture immobilization in China\'s traditional Mongolian medicine is based on the fixation criterion of macro-idea and method as well as on geometry, mechanics, motion, and stress and psychological stability in \"non-sheltered fixation\" of fractures contained in the life view of nature, regarding the relationship between man and universe (including psychosomatic integration) and on harmony between the limbs and the whole body, between body and function, and between man and nature.
CONCLUSIONS: Osteopathic fracture immobilization in China\'s traditional Mongolian medicine is fixation without trauma or shelter. The principle and method of whole, dynamic, and functional fixation of fractures is not only radical, but also represents a new direction for developing the principle and method of fracture immobilization.