Objective: The severity of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) has a tendency to increase with age. The purpose of this study was to explore whether oral appliance (OA) treatment can block this age-related change. Methods: This study was a retrospective study. Fifteen patients (12 males,3 females) of OSAHS treated with OA were selected as treatment group,with an average age of (47.44±10.00) years and initial body mass index (BMI) of (26.31±3.33) kg/m(2). The follow-up length was 54 [22, 100] months. Nineteen patients (13 males,6 females) with untreated OSAHS served as controls, with an average age of (45.00±9.26) years and initial BMI of (25.53±2.58) kg/m(2),and the follow-up length was 35 [26,63] months. There were no significant differences in terms of gender,age,initial BMI, apnea hypopnea index(AHI), and follow-up length between the two groups. Polysomnography(PSG) data for the two groups were compared to observe the sleep respiratory function changes as aging by Wilcoxon test. Results: There was no significant difference in BMI of the treatment group and the control group at the time of follow-up, with BMI of treatment group from (26.31±3.33) kg/m(2) to (25.67±3.65) kg/m(2),Z=-1.223,P=0.221; and BMI of control group from (25.53±2.58) kg/m(2) to (25.12±2.72) kg/m(2),Z=-1.193,P=0.233. There was no significant difference in the change of AHI within the treatment group, from 26.20 [11.50, 52.98]/h to 23.10 [16.00, 45.00]/h, Z=-0.284, P=0.776; AHI in the control group was higher than that at the first visit, and the AHI increased from 15.00 [10.72, 28.90]/h to 31.10 [13.00, 41.80]/h, Z=-3.481, P<0.001. The longest apnea duration was not statistically different in the treatment group, from 60.00 [56.40, 74.00] s to 63.00 [52.00, 77.00] s, Z=-0.345, P=0.730; the longest apnea duration in the control group increased from 42.00 [34.00, 56.70] s to 46.00 [37.00,62.00] s,Z=-2.274,P=0.023. There was no significant difference in the lowest blood oxygen saturation of the treatment group and the control group, with the treatment group from 72.47%±12.69% to 72.73%±17.59%, Z=-0.597, P=0.550; and the control group from 78.21%±9.30% to 76.42%±12.17%, Z=-0.153, P=0.879. Conclusion: Symptoms of sleep apnea in OSAHS patients tend to increase with age,and oral appliance treatment may have the effect of slowing down this age-related worsening effect.
目的: 探索口腔矫治器(oral appliance,OA)治疗能否减缓阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者的增龄性改变。 方法: 本研究为回顾性研究,筛选出1995—2005年在北京大学口腔医学院正畸科接诊的15例(12男,3女)使用OA治疗的OSAHS患者作为治疗组,平均年龄(47.44±10.00)岁,初始体质量指数(BMI)为(26.31±3.33)kg/m(2),复诊间隔54[22,100]个月。筛选19例(13男,6女)未经治疗的OSAHS患者作为对照组,平均年龄(45.00±9.26)岁,初始BMI(25.53±2.58)kg/m(2),复诊间隔35[26,63]个月。两组患者在性别、年龄、初始BMI、呼吸暂停低通气指数(apnea hypopnea index,AHI)及复诊间隔差异无统计学意义。对两组患者整夜多道睡眠监测(PSG)资料进行比较,通过秩和检验(Wilcoxon配对法)观察两组患者睡眠呼吸功能随年龄变化的情况。 结果: 复诊时,治疗组及对照组BMI差异均无统计学意义[治疗组:(26.31±3.33)kg/m(2)比(25.67±3.65)kg/m(2),Z=-1.223,P=0.221;对照组:(25.53±2.58)kg/m(2)比(25.12±2.72)kg/m(2),Z=-1.193,P=0.233]。治疗组AHI变化差异无统计学意义(26.20[11.50,52.98]次/h比23.10[16.00,45.00]次/h,Z=-0.284,P=0.776);对照组AHI复诊时较初诊时升高(15.00[10.72,28.90]次/h比31.10[13.00,41.80]次/h,Z=-3.481,P<0.001)。最长呼吸暂停时间,治疗组差异无统计学意义(60.00[56.40,74.00]s比63.00[52.00,77.00]s,Z=-0.345,P=0.730);对照组较初诊时升高(42.00[34.00,56.70]s比46.00[37.00,62.00]s,Z=-2.274,P=0.023)。最低动脉血氧饱和度在治疗组及对照组前后差异均无统计学意义(治疗组:72.47%±12.69%比72.73%±17.59%,Z=-0.597,P=0.550;对照组:78.21%±9.30%比76.42%±12.17%,Z=-0.153,P=0.879)。 结论: OSAHS患者睡眠呼吸暂停症状有随年龄增大而加重的趋势,口腔矫治器治疗可能具有减缓这种增龄性恶化的作用。.