Nutritional risk screening 2002 (NRS2002) is a commonly used tool for screening the risk of malnutrition in hospitalized patients, while patient-generated subjective global assessment (PG-SGA) is a nutritional assessment tool for malignant tumor patients. However, there are still gaps in the rapid nutritional risk screening methods for cancer patients. We aimed to evaluate the value of abridged scored patient-generated subjective global assessment (abPG-SGA) for nutritional risk screening and prognosis in cancer patients. The NRS 2002 and abPG-SGA scores of 100 malignant tumor patients hospitalized in our department in December 2020 were collected. Take NRS2002 ≥ 3 as the positive standard (risk of malnutrition). Data were analyzed using Kappa test, ROC curves, cut-off values and Kaplan-Meier. In the screening of 100 patients, 25.0% of patients were at risk of malnutrition (NRS2002), abPG-SGA yielded a sensitivity and specificity of 92.0% and 72.0%, respectively (area under curve [AUC] = 0.884, cut-off value ≥ 4.5); In the screening of patients with digestive system malignancies, 22.6% of patients were at risk of malnutrition (NRS2002), and the sensitivity and specificity of abPG-SGA were 91.67% and 87.80%, respectively (AUC = 0.945, cut-off value ≥ 5.5). The results of survival analysis showed that the overall survival (OS) of patients with abPG-SGA ≥ 5 and < 5, NRS2002 ≥ 3 and abPG-SGA < 5, NRS2002 < 3 and abPG-SGA ≥ 5 were significantly different (P < .0001), the OS of patients with NRS2002 ≥ 3 and abPG-SGA ≥ 5, NRS2002 < 3 and abPG-SGA < 5 were not significantly different (P > .05). Like NRS2002, abPG-SGA can also be used for malnutrition screening and prognosis judgment in cancer patients. It can quickly screen out cancer patients who may be at risk of malnutrition and facilitate the development of nutritional assessments.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and feasibility of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in older gastric cancer (GC) patients by observing the changes in postoperative intestinal function recovery, nutritional indicators, and inflammatory markers following the surgery.
METHODS: A total of 61 older GC patients who underwent laparoscopic radical gastrectomy were selected as the subjects of this study. They were divided into an ERAS group (n = 28) and a conventional control group (n = 33) based on the different management modes during the perioperative period. General data, inflammatory response indicators, nutritional indicators, and perioperative indicators of the 2 groups were collected and compared. The changes in relevant indicators were analyzed, and the underlying reasons for these changes were explored.
RESULTS: There were no significant differences in general data and preoperative indicators between the 2 groups (P > .05). In the ERAS group, the inflammatory markers decreased more rapidly, and the nutritional indicators recovered more quickly after surgery. The differences between the 2 groups were statistically significant on the 5th and 7th postoperative days (P < .05). The ERAS group had significantly shorter postoperative hospital stay (10.07 ± 1.41 vs 13.04 ± 3.81), shorter time to first flatus (3.70 ± 0.72 vs 4.18 ± 1.17), shorter drainage tube retention time (8.96 ± 1.53 vs 10.93 ± 3.36), and shorter nasogastric tube retention time (3.36 ± 1.72 vs 6.14 ± 3.99) compared to the control group (P < .05).
CONCLUSIONS: The application of the ERAS program in older GC patients is effective and feasible, and significantly contributes to faster postoperative recovery in older patients.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate relationships between prognostic nutritional index (PNI) during pregnancy and risk of all-cause mortality (ACM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in persons with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using NHANES data from 2007 to 2018, and weighted Cox regression models were established. Restricted cubic spline analysis was used to unveil associations of PNI with risk of ACM and CVD mortalities in individuals with GDM. Receiver operating characteristic curve was employed for determination of threshold value for association of PNI with mortality. Sensitivity analysis was performed to verify the stability of the results.
RESULTS: 734 GDM individuals and 7987 non-GDM individuals were included in this study. In GDM population, after adjusting for different categorical variables, PNI was significantly negatively correlated with ACM risk. Subgroup analysis showed that among GDM populations with no physical activity, moderate physical activity, parity of 1 or 2, negative correlation between PNI and risk of ACM was stronger than other subgroups. Sensitivity analysis results showed stable negative correlations between PNI and ACM and CVD mortality of total population, and between PNI and ACM of GDM.
CONCLUSIONS: In individuals with GDM, PNI was negatively correlated with ACM risk, especially in populations with no physical activity, moderate physical activity, and parity of 1 or 2. PNI = 50.75 may be an effective threshold affecting ACM risk in GDM, which may help in risk assessment and timely intervention for individuals with GDM.

BACKGROUND: The role of the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) as a prognostic factor in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) remains uncertain.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the GNRI on mortality outcomes in critically ill patients with AKI.
METHODS: For this retrospective study, we included 12,058 patients who were diagnosed with AKI based on ICD-9 codes from the eICU Collaborative Research Database. Based on the values of GNRI, nutrition-related risks were categorized into four groups: major risk (GNRI < 82), moderate risk (82 ≤ GNRI < 92), low risk (92 ≤ GNRI < 98), and no risk (GNRI ≥ 98). Multivariate analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between GNRI and outcomes.
RESULTS: Patients with higher nutrition-related risk tended to be older, female, had lower blood pressure, lower body mass index, and more comorbidities. Multivariate analysis showed GNRI scores were associated with in-hospital mortality. (Major risk vs. No risk: OR, 95% CI: 1.90, 1.54-2.33, P < 0.001, P for trend < 0.001). Moreover, increased nutrition-related risk was negatively associated with the length of hospital stay (Coefficient: -0.033; P < 0.001) and the length of ICU stay (Coefficient: -0.108; P < 0.001). The association between GNRI scores and the risks of in-hospital mortality was consistent in all subgroups.
CONCLUSIONS: GNRI serves as a significant nutrition assessment tool that is pivotal to predicting the prognosis of critically ill patients with AKI.

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is common in older patients with chronic heart failure (HF) and often accompanies a deterioration of their condition. The Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score is used as an objective indicator to evaluate nutritional status, but relevant research in this area is limited. This study aimed to report the prevalence, clinical correlates, and outcomes of malnutrition in elder patients hospitalized with chronic HF.
METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 165 eligible patients admitted to the Department of Cardiology at Huadong Hospital from January 2021 to December 2022. Patients were categorized based on their CONUT score into three groups: normal nutrition status, mild risk of malnutrition, and moderate to severe risk of malnutrition. The study examined the nutritional status of this population and its relationship with clinical outcomes.
RESULTS: Findings revealed that malnutrition affected 82% of the older patients, with 28% experiencing moderate to severe risk. Poor nutritional scores were significantly associated with prolonged hospital stay, increased in-hospital mortality and all-cause mortality during readmissions within one year (P < 0.05). The multivariable analysis indicated that moderate to severe malnutrition (CONUT score of 5-12) was significantly associated with a heightened risk of prolonged hospitalization (aOR: 9.17, 95%CI: 2.02-41.7).
CONCLUSIONS: Malnutrition, as determined by the CONUT score, is a common issue among HF patients. Utilizing the CONUT score upon admission can effectively predict the potential for prolonged hospital stays.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to investigate the association between malnutrition and early childhood caries (ECC) and caries activity among children aged 3-5 years, in order to provide a theoretical basis for preventing and blocking ECC and improving malnutrition.
METHODS: Children aged 3-5 years from six kindergartens in Zhao Xian, China were enrolled in this study. The decayed, missing, filled teeth (dmft) of all children were examined and recorded. The Cariostat method was used to detect dental caries activity, collect anthropometric data and measure haemoglobin concentration. Parents were asked to complete a questionnaire on the general characteristics and oral health behaviour of the participants. The \"Growth Standards for Chinese Children Under 7 Years Old\" was used to assess the nutritional status of all participating children. Wilcoxon rank sum test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyse and evaluate the relationship between ECC, caries activity and malnutrition.
RESULTS: A total of 635 children who met the criteria were included in this study. After adjusting for confounding factors, logistic regression showed that the risk of ECC was significantly increased in underweight children compared with normal children (OR = 5.43, P < 0. 05); compared with normal children, the risk of ECC decreased in overweight and obese children (OR = 0.31, P < 0.001); underweight children had higher caries severity than normal weight children, and the difference was statistically significant (OR = 2.69, P < 0. 05); stunted children had higher caries severity than normal weight children and the difference was statistically significant (OR = 2.28, P < 0.05); underweight was positively associated with caries activity and the association was statistically significant (OR = 2.33, P < 0. 05); stunting was positively associated with caries activity and the association was statistically significant (OR = 2.1, P < 0.05); overweight and obesity were negatively associated with caries activity and the association was statistically significant (OR = 0.61, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: The risk of ECC among children aged 3-5 years was positively associated with undernutrition and negatively associated with overnutrition. The severity of ECC among children aged 3-5 years was positively associated with undernutrition. The caries activity among children aged 3-5 years was positively associated with undernutrition and negatively associated with overnutrition.

BACKGROUND: As assessment tools of nutritional status, the controlling nutritional status (CONUT) and modified controlling nutritional status (mCONUT) score are associated with survival in various cancers. We aimed to investigate the association between the CONUT/mCONUT score\'s prognostic value and survival time in patients with FIGO stage IIB-IIIB cervical cancer treated with radiotherapy.
METHODS: In this retrospective study, 165 patients between September 2013 and September 2015 were analyzed, and the optimal CONUT/mCONUT score cut-off values were determined using receiver operating characteristic curves. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to minimize selection bias. The Kaplan-Meier method and a Cox proportional hazard model were used to assess the CONUT/mCONUT score\'s predictive value linked to survival time. Two nomograms were created to predict the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).
RESULTS: The cut-off values for CONUT and mCONUT score were both 2. Five-year OS and PFS rates were higher in a low CONUT score group than in a high CONUT score group (OS: 81.1% vs. 53.8%, respectively, P < 0.001; PFS: 76.4% vs. 48.2%, respectively; P < 0.001). A high CONUT score was associated with decreased OS (hazard ratio (HR) 2.93, 95% CI 1.54-5.56; P = 0.001) and PFS (HR 2.77, 95% CI 1.52-5.04; P < 0.001). High CONUT scores influenced OS in the PSM cohort. A high mCONUT score was not associated with decreased OS and PFS in Cox regression analysis.
CONCLUSIONS: The CONUT score is a promising indicator for predicting survival in patients with cervical cancer receiving radiotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Precision nutrition, a personalized nutritional supplementation model, is widely acknowledged for its significant impact on human health. Nevertheless, challenges persist in the advancement of precision nutrition, including consumer dietary behaviors, nutrient absorption, and utilization. Thus, the exploration of effective strategies to enhance the efficacy of precision nutrition and maximize its potential benefits in dietary interventions and disease management is imperative.
UNASSIGNED: The primary objective of this comprehensive review is to synthesize and assess the latest technical approaches and future prospects for achieving precision nutrition, while also addressing the existing constraints in this field. The role of delivery systems is pivotal in the realization of precision nutrition goals. This paper outlines the potential applications of delivery systems in precision nutrition and highlights key considerations for their design and implementation. Additionally, the review offers insights into the evolving trends in delivery systems for precision nutrition, particularly in the realms of nutritional fortification, specialized diets, and disease prevention.
CONCLUSIONS: By leveraging computer data collection, omics, and metabolomics analyses, this review scrutinizes the lifestyles, dietary patterns, and health statuses of diverse organisms. Subsequently, tailored nutrient supplementation programs are devised based on individual organism profiles. The utilization of delivery systems enhances the bioavailability of functional compounds and enables targeted delivery to specific body regions, thereby catering to the distinct nutritional requirements and disease prevention needs of consumers, with a particular emphasis on special populations and dietary preferences.

OBJECTIVE: To review current evidence on using the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) in predicting postoperative delirium (POD) in elderly patients.
METHODS: The literature search was performed in core databases to include all the cohort studies on the association between GNRI and risk of POD for further meta-analysis.
RESULTS: A total of 6 studies with 4242 patients underwent this meta-analysis, which showed that the risk of POD was higher in patients with moderate and high GNRI than the ones with low GNRI (odds ratio [OR]=2.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.58, 2.64], p<0.001), and moderate and high GNRI significantly increased the risk of POD in patients of 60 to 75 years or above [OR=1.98, 95%CI (1.49, 2.62), p<0.001; OR=2.79, 95%CI (1.38, 5.64), p=0.004, respectively].
CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, moderate and high GNRI increased the risk of POD in elderly patients.

BACKGROUND: Early nutrition after acute ischemic stroke is crucial. We explored early enteral nutrition for stroke patients and evaluated changes in blood indicators as a predictor of stroke prognosis.
METHODS: All hospitalized stroke patients receiving enteral nutrition were included in the study. We retrospectively collected the protein, energy, fat, and carbohydrate values for 7 days after admission. Serum albumin, total protein, and hemoglobin values were reviewed at admission and at one week. The main outcome indicators were the Modified Rankin Score, Barthel Index, and Quality of Life at 3 months.
RESULTS: A total of 354 patients (mean age, 70.7 years; 59.0% male) were included. The change in serum albumin at day 7 relative to at admission was positively correlated with the Quality of Life score (p = 0.001), the Barthel Index (p = 0.004), and the modified Rankin Score (p = 0.029). The change in total protein at day 7 relative to at admission was positively correlated with the Quality of Life score (p = 0.002), the Barthel Index (p = 0.001), and the modified Rankin score (p = 0.011). The change in hemoglobin values at day 7 relative to at admission was positively correlated with the Barthel Index (p = 0.037 but not with the Quality of Life score (p = 0.237) or the modified Rankin score (p = 0.730).
CONCLUSIONS: Improved nutrition-related blood indicators one week after admission were independently associated with good stroke outcomes. Nutritional support for acute ischemic stroke patients during the early hospitalization stage appears to be advisable.
BACKGROUND: This review was a retrospective cohort study. The study was retrospectively registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (No: ChiCTR2300077228). Registration date: 1/11/2023.