基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)是一类依赖于锌并促进细胞外基质(ECM)蛋白降解的内肽酶,从而在人体生理和病理学中起着举足轻重的作用。MMPs调节正常组织和细胞功能,包括组织发育,重塑,血管生成,骨形成,伤口愈合。几种疾病,包括癌症,炎症,心血管疾病,和神经系统疾病,与特定MMP亚型的表达失调有关,可以促进肿瘤进展,转移,和炎症。通过利用受影响区域中MMP的裂解活性和过表达,已经开发了各种MMP响应性药物递送和释放系统。在这里,我们回顾了结构,基材,以及各种MMP的生理和病理功能,并强调了设计MMP响应性纳米颗粒以提高靶向效率的策略,穿透力,和治疗有效载荷的保护。
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a class of endopeptidases that are dependent on zinc and facilitate the degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, thereby playing pivotal parts in human physiology and pathology. MMPs regulate normal tissue and cellular functions, including tissue development, remodeling, angiogenesis, bone formation, and wound healing. Several diseases, including cancer, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, and nervous system disorders, have been linked to dysregulated expression of specific MMP subtypes, which can promote tumor progression, metastasis, and inflammation. Various MMP-responsive drug delivery and release systems have been developed by harnessing cleavage activities and overexpression of MMPs in affected regions. Herein, we review the structure, substrates, and physiological and pathological functions of various MMPs and highlight the strategies for designing MMP-responsive nanoparticles to improve the targeting efficiency, penetration, and protection of therapeutic payloads.