BACKGROUND: We sought to assess reporting in China\'s Pneumonia of Unknown Etiology (PUE) passive surveillance system for emerging respiratory infections and to identify ways to improve the PUE surveillance system\'s detection of respiratory infections of public health significance.
METHODS: From February 29-May 29, 2016, we actively identified and enrolled patients in two hospitals with acute respiratory infections (ARI) that met all PUE case criteria. We reviewed medical records for documented exposure history associated with respiratory infectious diseases, collected throat samples that were tested for seasonal and avian influenza, and interviewed clinicians regarding reasons for reporting or not reporting PUE cases. We described and analyzed the proportion of PUE cases reported and clinician awareness of and practices related to the PUE system.
RESULTS: Of 2619 ARI admissions in two hospitals, 335(13%) met the PUE case definition; none were reported. Of 311 specimens tested, 18(6%) were seasonal influenza virus-positive; none were avian influenza-positive. < 10% PUE case medical records documented whether or not there were exposures to animals or others with respiratory illness. Most commonly cited reasons for not reporting cases were no awareness of the PUE system (76%) and not understanding the case definition (53%).
CONCLUSIONS: Most clinicians have limited awareness of and are not reporting to the PUE system. Exposures related to respiratory infections are rarely documented in medical records. Increasing clinicians\' awareness of the PUE system and including relevant exposure items in standard medical records may increase reporting.

BACKGROUND: We herein provide an overview of the clinical laboratory tests that should be performed before, during and after using therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and the clinical laboratory tests that may be affected by mAbs.
METHODS: The labels of FDA-approved therapeutic mAbs were downloaded from DailyMed (the official website for drug labels) and were used as the sources of data for this review.
RESULTS: It was found that most of the labels provided information relevant to the clinical laboratory tests, including the tests needed before mAbs treatment to check the patients\' background status and to identify potentially sensitive patients, the tests needed during or after the treatment to evaluate the patients\' response, and the mAbs that may lead to false positive or negative results for clinical laboratory tests.
CONCLUSIONS: The present findings will be of interest to physicians, laboratory scientists, those involved in drug development and surveillance and individuals making health care policy.

OBJECTIVE: HIV testing is mandatory in re-education-through-labour camps (laojiaosuo) in China yet no studies have reported on the process.
METHODS: The survey response rate was 100% although 29 detainees were excluded because they were under 18 years of age. A cross-sectional face-to-face survey was conducted in three labour camps in Guangxi, located in the south-western region of China.
RESULTS: Of the 755 detainees surveyed, 725 (96%) reported having a blood test in the labour camps of whom 493 (68%) thought this included an HIV test. 61 detainees self-reported they were HIV infected, their status confirmed by medical records, if available. Of these, 53 (87%) recalled receiving post-test HIV education, and 15 (25%) were currently receiving HIV antiretroviral therapy. Pretest education on HIV was provided to 233/725 (32%) detainees. The study further reports on detainees\' reactions and feelings towards non-disclosure and disclosure of their HIV test results in the labour camps.
CONCLUSIONS: Mandatory testing is almost universal in the labour camps although a proportion of detainees were unaware that this included an HIV test. HIV test results should be disclosed to all labour camp detainees to reduce their distress of not knowing and prevent misconceptions about their HIV status. Labour camps provide another opportunity to implement universal treatment (\'Test and Treat\') to prevent the spread of HIV.