疟疾仍然是全球卫生挑战。对脆弱社区的影响不成比例。尽管取得了实质性进展,抗疟疾药物耐药性的出现构成了持续的威胁。大湄公河次区域(GMS)其中包括柬埔寨,中国云南省,老挝人民民主共和国,缅甸,泰国,越南一直是对连续几代抗疟疾疗法产生抗药性的中心。从世界卫生组织(WHO)的角度来看,本文考虑了GMS中的协作努力,抑制恶性疟原虫青蒿素的部分耐药性和多重耐药性,促进疟疾的消除。在大湄公河次区域出现了青蒿素部分耐药性,因此需要采取紧急行动和区域合作,从而制定了《大湄公河次区域消除疟疾战略(2015-2030年)》。倡导针对国家需求的加速消除疟疾干预措施,由世卫组织湄公河疟疾消除方案协调和支持。该战略已在所有大湄公河次区域国家大幅减少了疟疾,2012年至2022年间,全球疟疾病例减少了77%,疟疾死亡人数减少了97%。值得注意的是,中国于2021年获得世卫组织无疟疾认证。国家的所有权和问责制至关重要,每个GMS国家都在战略和年度工作计划中概述了其优先事项。建立强大的抗疟疾药物耐药性监测和流行病学监测网络至关重要。政策和指导方针的统一加强了合作,确保活动是由证据驱动的。挑战依然存在,尤其是在缅甸,安全问题限制了最近的进展,尽管强化和加速计划旨在恢复势头。实施障碍可能会减缓进展,需要持续创新。访问流动和移民人口是解决剩余传播重点的关键,需要有效的跨境合作。总之,GMS在消除疟疾方面取得了重大进展,特别是在东部,那里有几个国家接近消灭恶性疟原虫。新的和持续的挑战需要持续的努力和持续的密切合作。大湄公河次区域国家一再出现各种障碍,现在是加倍努力,实现该地区2030年消除疟疾目标的时候了。
Malaria remains a global health challenge, disproportionately affecting vulnerable communities. Despite substantial progress, the emergence of anti-malarial drug resistance poses a constant threat. The Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), which includes Cambodia,
China\'s Yunnan province, Lao People\'s Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Thailand, and Viet Nam has been the epicentre for the emergence of resistance to successive generations of anti-malarial therapies. From the perspective of the World Health Organization (WHO), this article considers the collaborative efforts in the GMS, to contain Plasmodium falciparum artemisinin partial resistance and multi-drug resistance and to advance malaria elimination. The emergence of artemisinin partial resistance in the GMS necessitated urgent action and regional collaboration resulting in the Strategy for Malaria Elimination in the Greater Mekong Subregion (2015-2030), advocating for accelerated malaria elimination interventions tailored to country needs, co-ordinated and supported by the WHO Mekong malaria elimination programme. The strategy has delivered substantial reductions in malaria across all GMS countries, with a 77% reduction in malaria cases and a 97% reduction in malaria deaths across the GMS between 2012 and 2022. Notably,
China was certified malaria-free by WHO in 2021. Countries\' ownership and accountability have been pivotal, with each GMS country outlining its priorities in strategic and annual work plans. The development of strong networks for anti-malarial drug resistance surveillance and epidemiological surveillance was essential. Harmonization of policies and guidelines enhanced collaboration, ensuring that activities were driven by evidence. Challenges persist, particularly in Myanmar, where security concerns have limited recent progress, though an intensification and acceleration plan aims to regain momentum. Barriers to implementation can slow progress and continuing innovation is needed. Accessing mobile and migrant populations is key to addressing remaining transmission foci, requiring effective cross-border collaboration. In conclusion, the GMS has made significant progress towards malaria elimination, particularly in the east where several countries are close to P. falciparum elimination. New and persisting challenges require sustained efforts and continued close collaboration. The GMS countries have repeatedly risen to every obstacle presented, and now is the time to re-double efforts and achieve the 2030 goal of malaria elimination for the region.