Ambient high temperature is a worldwide trigger for hypertension events. However, the effects of heat exposure on hypertension and years of life lost (YLL) due to heat remain largely unknown. We conducted a multicenter study in 13 cities in Jiangsu Province, China, to investigate 9727 individuals who died from hypertension during the summer months (May to September) between 2016 and 2017. Meteorological observation data (temperature and rainfall) and air pollutants (fine particulate matter and ozone) were obtained for each decedent by geocoding the residential addresses. A time-stratified case-crossover design was used to quantify the association between heat and different types of hypertension and further explore the modification effect of individual and hospital characteristics. Meanwhile, the YLL associated with heat exposure was estimated. Our results show that summer heat exposure shortens the YLL of hypertensive patients by a total of 14,74 years per month. Of these, 77.9% of YLL was mainly due to hypertensive heart disease. YLL due to heat was pronounced for essential hypertension (5.1 years (95% empirical confidence intervals (eCI): 4.1-5.8)), hypertensive heart and renal disease with heart failure (4.4 years (95% eCI: 0.9-5.9)), and hypertensive heart and renal disease (unspecified, 3.5 years (95% eCI: 1.8-4.5)). Moderate heat was associated with a larger YLL than extreme heat. The distance between hospitals and patients and the number of local first-class hospitals can significantly mitigate the adverse effect of heat exposure on longevity. Besides, unmarried people and those under 65 years of age were potentially susceptible groups, with average reduced YLL of 3.5 and 3.9 years, respectively. Our study reveals that heat exposure increases the mortality risk from many types of hypertension and YLL. In the context of climate change, if effective measures are not taken, hot weather may bring a greater burden of disease to hypertension due to premature death.

Life expectancy is a statistical measure of the average time an organism is expected to live. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of injury-related mortality on life expectancy in Zhejiang Province.
Our study used standard life tables to calculate life expectancy and cause-removed life expectancy based on mortality data from the Zhejiang Chronic Disease Surveillance System.
Life expectancy of residents in Zhejiang was 77.83 years in 2013, with females having a higher life expectancy than males. The decrease in life expectancy caused by injury-related deaths was 1.19 years, the effect of which was reduced for females and urban residents compared with males and rural residents. The greatest impact on life expectancy was road traffic injuries (RTIs), (0.29 years lost overall, 0.36 for men vs. 0.21 for women and 0.26 for urban residents vs. 0.31 for rural residents). The main causes were falls (0.29 years lost overall, 0.30 for men vs. 0.28 for women and 0.28 for urban residents vs. 0.30 for rural residents), followed by drowning (0.15 years lost), suicide (0.11 years lost), and poisoning (0.04 years). For children less than 5 years old and elders aged over 65, drowning had a greater impact than falls.
Our findings indicate that injury deaths had a major impact on life expectancy in Zhejiang. More attention should be paid to road traffic injury, and preventive action should be taken to reduce injury-related deaths to increase life expectancy, especially in children under five years of age and the elders over 65 years of age.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of cerebrovascular disease mortality on life expectancy (LE) in China in 2010 compared with 2005, and to identify the high-risk population (age, sex, and region) where cerebrovascular disease mortality has had a major impact on LE.
METHODS: LE and cause-eliminated LE were calculated by using standard life tables which used adjusted mortality data from the Death Surveillance Data Sets in 2005 and 2010 from the National Disease Surveillance System. Decomposition was used to quantitate the impact of cerebrovascular disease in different age groups.
RESULTS: LE in China was 73.24 years in 2010, which was higher in women and urban residents compared with men and rural residents. The loss of LE caused by cerebrovascular disease mortality was 2.26 years, which was higher in men and rural residents compared with women and urban residents. More than 30% of the loss of LE were attributed to premature death from cerebrovascular disease in people aged <65 years. Compared with 2005, LE in 2010 increased by 0.92 years. The reduction of cerebrovascular disease mortality in urban residents contributed 0.45 years to the increase of LE, but the increase of cerebrovascular disease mortality caused a 0.12-year loss of LE in rural residents.
CONCLUSIONS: Cerebrovascular disease mortality had a major impact on LE in China, with a significant difference between urban and rural residents. LE is likely to be further increased by reducing cerebrovascular disease mortality, and special attention should be paid to reducing premature deaths in people aged <65 years.