This randomised, prospective, masked clinical trial evaluated the postoperative analgesic efficacy of an ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block (TAPB) with bupivacaine in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy.
Thirty-two healthy adult female cats undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy were randomised to undergo TAPB with bupivacaine (treatment group [TG], n = 16) vs placebo (control group [CG], n = 16) in addition to preoperative analgesia with buprenorphine (0.02 mg/kg IM). All patients received a general anaesthetic and, before surgical incision, a bilateral two-point (subcostal and lateral-longitudinal) TAPB was performed using 1 ml/kg bupivacaine 0.25% (0.25 ml/kg/point) or saline. Each cat was assessed by a blinded investigator before premedication (0 h) and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 10 and 24 h postoperatively using the UNESP-Botucatu Feline Pain Scale - short form. Buprenorphine (0.02 mg/kg IV) and meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg SC) were administered when pain scores were ⩾4/12. Ten hours postoperatively, meloxicam was administered to cats that did not receive rescue analgesia. Statistical analysis included Student\'s t-tests, Wilcoxon tests and χ2 tests, and a linear mixed model with Bonferroni corrections (P <0.05).
Of the 32 cats enrolled, three in the CG were excluded from the analysis. The prevalence of rescue analgesia was significantly higher in the CG (n = 13/13) than in the TG (n = 3/16; P <0.001). Only one cat in the CG required rescue analgesia twice. Pain scores were significantly higher in the CG compared with the TG at 2, 4 and 8 h postoperatively. Mean ± SD pain scores were significantly higher in the CG, but not in the TG, at 2 (2.1 ± 1.9), 3 (1.9 ± 1.6), 4 (3.0 ± 1.4) and 8 h postoperatively (4.7 ± 0.6) than at 0 h (0.1 ± 0.3).
A bilateral ultrasound-guided two-point TAPB with bupivacaine in combination with systemic buprenorphine provided superior postoperative analgesia than buprenorphine alone in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy.

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BACKGROUND: Lidocaine and ropivacaine have been widely used in gastric cancer surgery. In recent years, lidocaine and ropivacaine have attracted increasing attention in cancer research, whilst effects of lidocaine and ropivacaine on gastric cancer cells have not been investigated before. This study explored the effect of lidocaine and ropivacaine on AGS and HGC-27 gastric cancer cells.
METHODS: AGS and HGC-27 cells were incubated with lidocaine or ropivacaine at concentrations of 10, 100 and 1 mM. At 24, 48 and 72 h after treatment, proliferation and invasion were evaluated by crystal violet assay and transwell invasion assay. Electric cell-substrate impedance sensing was applied to measure the migration of cancer cells. Phosphorylation status of extracellular-regulated protein kinases (ERK1/2) was evaluated by western blot analysis.
RESULTS: Lidocaine (1 mM) and ropivacaine (1 mM) significantly inhibited the proliferation of AGS and HG-27 cells, but had no significant effects on invasion. Lidocaine (1 mM) and ropivacaine (1 mM) also inhibited the migration of AGS and HGC-27cells. After treatment with lidocaine (1 mM) or ropivacaine (1 mM) for 24 h, the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in AGS and HGC-27 cells was reduced.
CONCLUSIONS: Lidocaine at a clinically relevant concentration (10 μM), and ropivacaine at 1 mM inhibited the proliferation of gastric cancer cell lines by down-regulation of p-ERK1/2. The migration of HGC-27 cells, rather than AGS cells was more obviously inhibited by lidocaine (1 mM) and ropivacaine (1 mM). This research is easy to implement, and lays a foundation for the future research of local anaesthetics in cancer.

The aim of this study was to determine the minimum effective concentration of ropivacaine for ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block. Fifty-one patients undergoing arm surgery received double-injection ultrasound-guided supraclavicular block using ropivacaine 40 ml. The concentration of ropivacaine administered to each patient started at 0.225% and then depended on the response of the previous one, based on a biased coin design up-and-down sequential method. In case of failure, the ropivacaine concentration was increased by 0.025% w/v in the next subject. In the case of a successful block, the next patient was randomised to the same concentration or a concentration 0.025% w/v less. Success was defined as complete sensory blockade of the brachial plexus 30 min after the block together with pain-free surgery. The minimum effective ropivacaine concentration in 90% of subjects was 0.257% w/v (95% CI 0.241-0.280%).