目的:以分子确认的方式呈现CorneliadeLange综合征(CdLS)的胎儿特征。
方法:对13例产前、产后基因检测和体格检查确诊的CdLS患者进行回顾性研究。收集并审查了这些病例的临床和实验室数据,包括产妇人口统计,产前超声检查结果,染色体微阵列和外显子组测序(ES)结果,和妊娠结局。
结果:所有13例均被检测出具有引起CdLS的变异,在NIPBL基因中鉴定出8种变异,3inSMC1A,和2在HDAC8中。五个人在怀孕期间进行了正常的超声扫描;所有这些都是由SMC1A或HDAC8的变体引起的。对于具有NIPBL变体的八例,都有产前超声标记.三个人具有早孕期超声标记,其中一个人的颈部半透明性增加,三个人的肢体缺陷增加。四个人在孕早期表现出正常的超声,但是妊娠中期的超声异常,包括两个小颌畸形,尿道下裂为1例,宫内发育迟缓(IUGR)为1例。在妊娠晚期的一个病例中,IUGR被确定为孤立特征。
结论:由NIPBLvariant引起的CdLS的产前诊断是可能的。仅依靠超声检查来检测非经典CdLS似乎仍然具有挑战性。
OBJECTIVE: To present the fetal features of Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) with a molecular confirmation.
METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 13 cases with CdLS diagnosed by prenatal and postnatal genetic testing and physical examination. Clinical and laboratory data were collected and reviewed for these cases, including maternal demographics, prenatal sonographic findings, chromosomal microarray and exome sequencing (ES) results, and pregnancy outcomes.
RESULTS: All of the 13 cases were detected to have a CdLS-causing variant, with 8 variants identified in the NIPBL gene, 3 in SMC1A, and 2 in HDAC8. Five had normal ultrasound scans during pregnancy; all were caused by variants of SMC1A or HDAC8. For the eight cases with NIPBL variants, all had prenatal ultrasound markers. Three had first trimester ultrasound markers including increased nuchal translucency in one and limb defects in three. Four presented with normal ultrasound in the first trimester, but abnormal ultrasound in the second trimester, including micrognathia in two, hypospadias in one and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) in one. IUGR as the isolated feature was identified in one case in the third trimester.
CONCLUSIONS: The prenatal diagnosis of CdLS caused by NIPBLvariants is possible. It seems to remain challenging to detect non-classic CdLS only relying on ultrasound examination.