OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the central government-funded echinococcosis control programme in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province from 2007 to 2022, so as to provide insights into echinococcosis control.
METHODS: Administrative villages were sampled using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method from Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province from 2007 to 2022, and all residents at ages of 12 years and older in the sampled villages were screened for echinococcosis, and schools were sampled using a cluster sampling method, and all children at ages of 12 years and older in the sampled schools were screened for echinococcosis. Domestic dogs were sampled using a systematic random sampling method, and one domestic dog stool sample was collected from each household. Stray dog stool samples were collected outside the villages, and Echinococcus coproantigens were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in domestic and stray dogs. In addition, echinococcosis was screened in sheep and cattle in designated slaughterhouses in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County. The trends in the prevalence of echinococcosis in humans and livestock and the positive rate of Echinococcus coproantigens in dogs were examined with the Cochran-Armitage trend test. In addition, individuals screened for echinococcosis were randomly sampled from 2007 to 2022 for survey on the awareness of echinococcosis control knowledge.
RESULTS: A total of 290 356 person-times were screened for echinococcosis among residents at ages of 12 years and older in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province from 2007 to 2022, with 1 094 residents detected with cystic echinococcosis, and the detection of echinococcosis appeared a tendency towards a gradual decline over years (χ2 = 358.602, P < 0.001). A total of 32 931 person-times were screened for echinococcosis among children at ages of 12 years and older in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province from 2007 to 2022, with 296 children detected with echinococcosis, and the detection of echinococcosis appeared a tendency towards a gradual decline over years (χ2 = 267.673, P < 0.001). A total of 33 230 domestic dog stool samples were tested for Echinococcus coproantigens in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province from 2007 to 2022, with 1 777 Echinococcus coproantigens-positive samples tested, and the positive rate of Echinococcus coproantigens appeared a tendency towards a decline in domestic dogs over years (χ2 = 2 210.428, P < 0.001), while the positive rate of Echinococcus coproantigens showed a tendency towards a rise in domestic animals from 2016 to 2022 (χ2 = 37.745, P < 0.001). The positive rate of Echinococcus coproantigens remained relatively stable in stray dogs in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province from 2019 to 2022 (χ2 = 0.315, P = 0.575). A total of 10 973 sheep were screened for echinococcosis in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County from 2007 to 2022, with 334 sheep detected with echinococcosis, and the detection of echinococcosis appeared a tendency towards a decline in sheep over years (χ2 = 53.579, P < 0.001); however, there was no significant change in the detection of echinococcosis during the period from 2015 through 2022 (χ2 = 1.520, P = 0.218). A total of 2 400 cattle were screened for echinococcosis in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County from 2017 to 2022, with 231 cattle detected with echinococcosis, and the detection of echinococcosis showed a tendency towards a decline over years (χ2 = 5.579, P < 0.05). The awareness of echinococcosis control knowledge increased from 44.37% in 2007 to 94.00% in 2022 among residents at ages of 12 years and older and from 52.50% in 2007 to 92.50% in 2022 among children at ages of 12 years and older in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: There has been a reduction in the detection of echinococcosis in humans and domestic animals and the positive rate of Echinococcus coproantigens in dogs and a rise in the awareness of the echinococcosis control knowledge following the implementation of the central government-funded echinococcosis control programme in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province; however, integrated echinococcosis control measures are still required for further control of the prevalence of echinococcosis.
［摘要］ 目的 评价2007—2022年甘肃省天祝藏族自治县中央补助地方棘球蚴病防治项目实施效果, 为进一步控制棘 球蚴病疫情提供参考。方法 2007—2022年, 于甘肃省天祝藏族自治县采用多阶段整群随机抽样法抽取部分行政村作 为调查点, 对12岁及以上居民进行棘球蚴病筛查; 以学校为单位对12岁以下儿童进行整群抽样, 对抽中学校所有学生进 行棘球蚴病筛查; 采用系统随机抽样法抽取养犬户, 每户采集1份家犬粪便, 并于村庄外采集流浪犬粪便样本, 以酶联免 疫吸附实验检测家犬及流浪犬粪便棘球绦虫抗原; 于该县定点屠宰场, 对绵羊和牛等家畜进行棘球蚴病筛查。采用Cochran-Armitage趋势检验对人群和家畜棘球蚴病检出率以及犬粪便棘球绦虫抗原阳性率进行趋势分析。2007—2022年, 随机抽取棘球蚴病筛查对象进行棘球蚴病防治相关知识知晓率调查。结果 2007—2022年, 甘肃省天祝藏族自治县累 计开展12岁及以上人群棘球蚴病筛查290 356人·次, 发现细粒棘球蚴病患者1 094人, 12岁及以上居民棘球蚴病检出率 呈逐年下降趋势 (χ2 = 358.602, P < 0.001)。2007—2022年, 天祝藏族自治县累计开展12岁以下儿童棘球蚴病筛查32 931 人·次, 发现棘球蚴病患儿296人, 儿童棘球蚴病检出率呈逐年下降趋势 (χ2 = 267.673, P < 0.001)。2007—2022年, 天祝 藏族自治县累计检测家犬粪便样本33 230份, 发现棘球绦虫抗原阳性1 777份, 家犬粪便棘球绦虫抗原阳性率呈下降趋 势 (χ2 = 2 210.428, P < 0.001), 但2016—2022年家犬粪便棘球绦虫抗原阳性率呈上升趋势 (χ2 = 37.745, P < 0.001)。2019— 2022年, 天祝藏族自治县流浪犬粪便棘球绦虫抗原阳性率未发现升高或降低趋势 (χ2 = 0.315, P = 0.575)。2007—2022 年, 天祝藏族自治县累计开展绵羊棘球蚴病筛查10 973只, 发现棘球蚴病病羊334只, 绵羊棘球蚴病检出率呈下降趋势 (χ2 = 53.579, P < 0.001), 但2015—2022年检出率未发现升高或降低趋势 (χ2 = 1.520, P = 0.218); 2017—2022年, 累计开 展牛棘球蚴病筛查2 400头, 发现棘球蚴病病牛231头, 牛棘球蚴病检出率呈下降趋势 (χ2 = 5.579, P < 0.05)。天祝藏族 自治县12岁及以上居民及12岁以下儿童棘球蚴病知晓率分别自2007年的44.37%和52.50%上升至2022年的94.00%和 92.50%。结论 自中央补助地方棘球蚴病防治项目实施后, 甘肃省天祝藏族自治县人群、家畜棘球蚴病检出率及犬棘球 绦虫抗原阳性率均有所下降, 人群棘球蚴病知晓率升高; 但仍需坚持实施各项防治措施, 以进一步控制棘球蚴病疫情。.

暂无摘要。

Currently, the national schistosomiasis control program of China is moving from transmission interruption to elimination, and there are multiple challenges during the stage moving towards the progression of schistosomiasis elimination, including a high difficulty in shrinking snail-infested areas, unstable achievements for infectious source control, imperfect surveillance system and a reduction in schistosomiasis control and administration. Based on the core suggestions proposed in the 2022 WHO guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis, recommendations on schistosomiasis surveillance system building, development of novel diagnostics, adjustment of the schistosomiasis control strategy and maintaining and improvements of the schistosomiasis control capability are proposed for the national schistosomiasis control program of China in the new era according to the actual status of schistosomiasis control in China. Formulation of the national schistosomiasis control strategy and goal from One Health perspective, verification of transmission interruption and elimination of schistosomiasis, precision implementation of schistosomiasis control interventions with adaptations to local circumstances, development and application of highly sensitive and specific diagnostics are recommended for elimination of schistosomiasis in China. In addition, the implementation of the 2022 WHO guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis may guide the elimination of schistosomiasis in China.
［摘要］ 目前, 我国血吸虫病防治工作正处于从传播阻断迈向消除的关键阶段, 同时也面临进一步压缩钉螺面积难度 大、传染源控制成果不牢固、监测体系不完善、防治管理有所松懈等诸多问题和挑战。本文依据《WHO 控制和消除人体 血吸虫病指南》核心建议, 结合我国血吸虫病防治工作实际, 对新时期我国血吸虫病监测体系建设、检测新技术研发、防 治策略调整、防治能力维持和提高等提出了相应建议。要从全健康角度谋划我国血吸虫病防治策略和目标; 要适时对血 吸虫病传播阻断和消除进程开展验证; 要在充分评估的基础上因时因地调整防治策略, 精准实施血吸虫病防治措施; 要 重视和加强高敏感度、高特异度检测工具的开发和应用, 为消除血吸虫病提供技术支撑; 要借鉴和吸收《WHO 控制和消 除人体血吸虫病指南》精髓, 充分发挥其引导作用, 促进我国实现消除血吸虫病目标。.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the integrated schistosomiasis control measures in Changzhou City from 2015 to 2020, so as to provide insights into the formulation of the strategy used to consolidate the schistosomiasis elimination achievements.
METHODS: The annual schistosomiasis control working report and integrated schistosomiasis control data were collected in Changzhou City from 2015 to 2020, and the prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum infections in humans and livestock and snail status were analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of the integrated schistosomiasis control measures.
RESULTS: During the period from 2015 to 2020, a total of 112 061 person-time individuals received serological tests for S. japonicum infections in Changzhou City, and the sero-prevalence was 0.15% to 1.09% during the 6-year period, with a significant difference seen among years (χ2 = 288.11, P < 0.05). From 2015 to 2020, a total of 13 435 person-time individuals received stool examinations, with no egg-positives identified; among 5 840 herd-time livestock receiving schistosomiasis examinations, no positives were detected, while a 100% coverage of fencing livestock was seen each year. During the 6-year period, a total of 38.40 hm2 snail habitats were found, including 8.97 hm2 emerging snail habitats, and among the 2 344 snails dissected, no S. japonicum infection was found. Chemical treatment covered an area of 385.71 hm2, and environmental improvements covered an area of 200.39 hm2. The mean density of living snails was less than 0.1 snails/0.1 m2 in snail habitats found in Changzhou City each year from 2015 to 2020, and the coverage of harmless toilets was 100% in 2020. During the 6-year period, a total of 3.740 6 million person-time individuals were given schistosomiasis health education in Changzhou City.
CONCLUSIONS: Changzhou City is now at the post-elimination surveillance stage; however, there are still factors affecting schistosomiasis transmission. The schistosomiasis surveillance system remains to be improved to consolidate the schistosomiasis elimination achievements in Changzhou City.
［摘要］ 目的 分析2015—2020年常州市血吸虫病综合治理效果, 为制订巩固血吸虫病消除成果策略提供参考依据。方法 收集2015—2020年常州市血吸虫病防治工作报表及相关部门血吸虫病综合治理资料, 分析血吸虫病病情、螺情变化, 评估综合治理措施实施效果。结果 2015—2020年, 常州市累计开展血吸虫病血检查病112 061人·次, 各年血检阳性率为0.15% ~ 1.09%, 差异有统计学意义 (χ2 = 288.11, P < 0.05); 粪检查病13 435人·次, 未发现粪检阳性者; 累计开展家畜查病5 840头·次, 结果均为阴性, 各年度家畜圈养率均为100%。累计查出有螺面积38.40 hm2, 其中新发有螺环境8.97 hm2; 累计解剖钉螺2 344只, 未发现血吸虫感染性钉螺; 累计开展药物灭螺385.71 hm2, 环改灭螺200.39 hm2, 各年有螺环境活螺平均密度均低于0.1只/0.1 m2。2020年无害化厕所普及率达100%。2015—2020年累计有374.06万人·次接受血吸虫病健康教育。结论 常州市已进入血吸虫病消除后监测巩固新阶段, 但血吸虫病流行因素仍然存在; 今后应进一步完善监测体系, 以巩固血吸虫病消除成果。.

Under the dual pressure of emerging zoonoses and the difficulty in eliminating conventional zoonoses, many uncertainties in global control of infectious diseases are challenging the achievement of sustainable development goals set by the United Nations General Assembly. One Health, developed on the basis of understanding the relationship between human diseases and animal diseases, is conducive to the prevention and control of zoonoses. The connotation of \"One Health\" is mainly explained by three aspects, namely the systems thinking mode of \"unity of environment and man\", the practice guidance of \"multi-sectoral concert\" and the economic evaluation strategy of \"cost-effectiveness analysis\". One Health approach has been successfully applied in the control of major infectious diseases in China, such as schistosomiasis, leading to remarkable achievements; however, there are still multiple challenges. This review proposes that much attention should be paid to top-level design, the difference between emerging zoonoses and conventional zoonoses, and the dynamic process of One Health governance during the development and application of One Health.
［摘要］ 在新发人兽共患病不断涌现和传统人兽共患病消除困 难的双重压力下, 当前全球人兽共患病控制仍存在诸多不确定 性, 对实现联合国可持续发展目标造成了挑战。“全健康” 理念是 人们在认识人类疾病与动物疾病间关系的基础上发展而来, 有助 于人兽共患病防控。“全健康” 的内涵主要体现在三个 “一”, 即 “天 人合一” 的系统思维方式、“整齐划一” 的实践指导方法、“一本万 利” 的经济评价策略。中国在血吸虫病等重大人兽共患传染病控 制中成功应用了全健康理念, 并取得了显著成就, 但同时面临诸 多挑战。在全健康发展与应用中, 应注重顶层设计、新发疾病与 传统疾病有别、全健康治理动态过程。.

BACKGROUND: Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) cause substantial disease and disability globally. Health education has proven complementary to school-based drug administration programs for STH control. We determined the generalizability of the impact of \"The Magic Glasses\" health education package for STH prevention in schoolchildren in Laguna province, the Philippines, having previously shown its positive impact in China.
METHODS: We conducted a cluster-randomised controlled trial, in schoolchildren, aged 9-10 years, across 40 schools over one year. Schools were randomly assigned either to the \"Magic Glasses Philippines\" health education intervention package (consisting of a cartoon video, classroom discussions, drawing and essay competition) complementing the standard health education activities of the Philippines Departments of Health and Education, or to a control group, which involved only the standard health education activities. The primary trial outcomes were the proportion of STH infected schoolchildren and their knowledge, attitude and behaviour of STH assessed in both groups at baseline and through two follow-up surveys undertaken immediately prior to the semi-annual national mass administration of albendazole. The outcomes between the study arms were compared using generalized estimating equation models, accounting for clustering at the school level. The trial is registered with Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number: ACTRN12616000508471.
RESULTS: At follow-up assessments, the mean knowledge and behaviour scores in the intervention group were, respectively, 5·3 (95% confidence interval [CI]:4·2-6·5; p=<0.001) and 1·1 (95% CI: 0·4-1·7; p=0.002) percentage points higher than the control group. There was no overall effect on helminth infections (any STH; adjusted odds ratio [aOR]:1·0; 95% CI: 0·8-1·3; p=0·856), Ascaris lumbricoides; aOR:1·0; 95% CI: 0·7-1·6; p=0·894, or Trichuris trichiura; aOR:1·7; 95% CI: 0·9-1·6; p=0·315) but sub-group analysis showed a 60% reduction in the odds of any STH infection resulting from the \"Magic Glasses\" intervention in schools with a baseline prevalence ≤15% (aOR: 0·4; 95% CI: 0·2-0·7; p=0·001).
CONCLUSIONS: The health-education package demonstrated a modest but statistically significant impact on the students\' overall STH knowledge and changes in their behaviour but was only effective in preventing STH infections in intervention schools where the baseline prevalence was ≤15%.
BACKGROUND: National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia, and the UBS-Optimus Foundation, Switzerland.

BACKGROUND: Schistosomiasis japonica remains an important public health concern due to its potential to cause severe outcomes and long-term sequelae. An integrated control strategy implemented in the Peoples\' Republic of China has been shown to be effective to control or interrupt the transmission of schistosomiasis. The objective of this study is to estimate the disease burden of schistosomiasis and assess the cost-effectiveness of the integrated control strategy focused on different major interventions at three stages for schistosomiasis control in a lake setting, to provide reference for policy making or planning.
METHODS: Annual cost data of schistosomiasis control during 2009-2019 were obtained from the control program implementers in Jiangling County, Hubei Province, China. Economic costs are provided in constant 2009 Chinese Yuan (CNY). Epidemiological data of schistosomiasis were collected from the Jiangling county station for schistosomiasis control. Disease burden of schistosomiasis was assessed by calculating years of life lost (YLLs) owing to premature death, years lived with disability (YLDs) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). DALYs were calculated as the sum of YLLs and YLDs. We then conducted a rudimentary cost-effectiveness analysis by determining the ratio by dividing the difference between the average cost of integrated control strategy at transmission control (2013-2016) or transmission interruption (2017-2019) and the average cost at stage of infection control (2009-2012) with the difference between the DALYs of schistosomiasis at different control stages. Descriptive statistics on the costs and DALYs were used in the analysis.
RESULTS: The total economic costs for schistosomiasis control in Jiangling County from 2009 to 2019 were approximately CNY 606.88 million. The average annual economic costs for schistosomiasis prevention and control at stages of infection control (2009-2012), transmission control (2013-2016), and transmission interruption (2017-2019) were approximately CNY 41.98 million, CNY 90.19 million and CNY 26.06 million respectively. The overall disease burden caused by schistosomiasis presented a downward trend. Meanwhile, the disease burden of advanced cases showed an upward trend with the DALY increased from 943.72 to 1031.59 person-years. Most disease burden occurred in the age group over 45 years old (especially the elderly over 60 years old). Taking the infection control stage as the control, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of integrated control strategy was CNY 8505.5 per case averted, CNY 60 131.6 per DALY decreased at transmission control stage and CNY -2217.6 per case averted, CNY -18 116.0 per DALY decreased at transmission interruption stage.
CONCLUSIONS: The disease burden of schistosomiasis decreased significantly with the implementation of the integrated prevention and control strategy. Surveillance and management on elder population should be strengthened to decrease diseases burden. There remains a need for well-conducted studies that examine the long-term cost-effectiveness of the integrated control strategy for schistosomiasis. GRAPHIC ABSTARCT.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of Oncomelania snails control following the implementation of integrated schistosomiasis control measures in river channels connecting the Yangtze River in endemic areas of Nanjing City.
METHODS: The river channels connecting the Yangtze River with snails in Nanjing City were selected as the study pilots. The integrated schistosomiasis control measures implemented in the study pilots were investigated by means of retrospective analyses and field surveys from 1998 to 2019, and the effectiveness of snail control was evaluated.
RESULTS: Integrated control measures with emphases on environmental improvements including water resource projects for schistosomiasis control were implemented in the study pilots during the period from 1998 to 2019, including river bank concretion with 84.51 km in length, marshland cutting and dredging with 50.41 km in length, building 2 sluices and 3 overflow dams, digging one floodway and snail control with chemical treatment that covered an area of 3 370.80 hm2. No Schistosoma japonicum infection had been detected in snails since the completion of the integrated control measures. In addition, snails had been eliminated in 6 river channels connecting the Yangtze River until 2019, with the snail habitats reducing from 214.33 hm2 to 52.22 hm2 in 10 river channels connecting the Yangtze River and the snail density reducing to below 0.1 snails/0.1 m2 in snail-breeding river channels connecting the Yangtze River.
CONCLUSIONS: The integrated schistosomiasis control measures with emphases on environmental improvements may effectively control snail breeding and spread in rivers connecting the Yangtze River in endemic areas of schistosomiasis; however, the maintenance of the project and snail surveillance and control should be intensified following the completion of the integrated schistosomiasis control measures.
［摘要］ 目的了解南京市血吸虫病流行区通江河道实施血防综合治理后的钉螺控制效果。方法选择南京市10条 主要有螺通江河道, 采用回顾性调查和现场调查相结合的方法, 收集1998—2019年通江河道血防综合治理措施实施情 况, 评价钉螺控制效果。结果1998—2019年, 南京市10条主要通江河道先后实施了以环境改造为主的综合治理措施, 共完成河岸砼护坡84.51 km、切滩清淤50.41 km、修建控水闸2座、修建滚水坝3条、开挖泄洪道1条, 累计开展药物灭螺 3 370.80 hm2。综合治理项目完成后, 所有通江河道均未再查到血吸虫感染性钉螺。至2019年, 已有6条河道消除了钉 螺, 河道内总有螺面积由214.33 hm2下降至52.22 hm2, 有螺河道钉螺密度均降至0.1只/0.1 m2以下。结论以环境改造 等为主的血防综合治理措施, 可有效控制南京市血吸虫病流行区通江河道钉螺孳生和扩散, 但项目完成后仍应加强工程 维护管理、钉螺监测和控制等工作。.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of the integrated echinococcosis control program in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from 2011 to 2018.
METHODS: A package of integrated interventions were employed for echinococcosis control in 22 counties (districts) of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from 2011 to 2018, including screening of human echinococcosis, treatment of echinococcosis patients, deworming of domestic dogs and monitoring of infections, surveillance of echinococcosis in bovines and sheep, health education. The detection of human echinococcosis, seroprevalence of anti-Echinococcus antibody in children at ages of 6 to 12 years, the Echinococcus coproantigen-positive rate in domestic dogs, prevalence of echinococcosis in bovines and sheep, and the awareness of echinococcosis control knowledge were investigated and compared during the period between 2011 and 2018.
RESULTS: The detection of human echinococcosis appeared a decline tendency in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region over years during the period from 2011 to 2018 (χ2trend = 82.22, P < 0.05), and the prevalence of human echinococcosis decreased from 0.31% in 2011 to 0.15% in 2018. The seroprevalence of anti-Echinococcus antibody appeared a decline tendency in children at ages of 6 to 12 years over years (χ2trend = 439.64, P < 0.01), and the prevalence of anti-Echinococcus antibody decreased from 6.12% in 2011 to 0.67% in 2018. The Echinococcus coproantigen-positive rate appeared a decline tendency in domestic dogs over years (χ2trend = 260.33, P < 0.05), and the prevalence of anti-Echinococcus antibody decreased from 7.11% in 2011 to 0.75% in 2018. The prevalence of bovine and sheep echinococcosis reduced from 3.26% and 5.08% in 2011 to 1.35% and 0.76% in 2018, and Echinococcus predominantly parasitized in bovine (92.00%) and sheep (93.94%) livers. A total of 63 stool samples were collected from red fox, wolf and badger in Xiji and Haiyuan counties of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in 2013 and 2014, with no Echinococcus coproantigen-positives detected, and 107 domestic cats and 3 domestic dogs were dissected in these two counties, with no Echinococcus found. A total of 6 046 wild mice were dissected in Xiji County, Yuanzhou District and Haiyuan County of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from 2016 to 2019, and the prevalence of E. multilocularis was 0.31%. The awareness of echinococcosis control knowledge appeared an increasing tendency in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region over years from 2011 to 2018 (χ2trend = 3 367.97, P < 0.01), and the awareness increased from 21.83% in 2011 to 72.24% in 2018.
CONCLUSIONS: The integrated echinococcosis control program achieves a remarkable effect in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and the transmission of echinococcosis has been preliminarily controlled. However, the echinococcosis transmission risk remains in few regions, and the integrated echinococcosis control program remains to be reinforced.
［摘要］ 目的 评价2011—2018年宁夏回族自治区棘球蚴病综合防治措施实施效果。方法 2011—2018年在宁夏回 族自治区22个县 (市、区) 开展人群棘球蚴病筛查、病人救治、家犬驱虫与感染监测、牛羊患病监测、人群健康教育为主的 棘球蚴病综合防治措施, 比较2011—2018年人群棘球蚴病检出率、6～12 岁儿童血清抗棘球蚴抗体阳性率、家犬粪棘球 绦虫抗原阳性率、牛羊棘球蚴患病率、人群棘球蚴防治知识知晓率变化。结果 2011—2018年, 宁夏回族自治区人群棘 球蚴病检出率呈逐年下降趋势 (χ2趋势= 82.22, P < 0.05), 由2011年的0.31%下降到2018年的0.15%; 6～12 岁儿童血清抗 棘球蚴抗体阳性率呈逐年下降趋势 (χ2趋势= 439.64, P < 0.01), 由2011年的6.12%下降至2018年的0.67%; 家犬粪抗原阳 性率呈逐年下降趋势 (χ2趋势= 260.33, P < 0.05), 由2011年的7.11%下降至2018年的0.75%; 牛棘球蚴病患病率由2011年 的3.26%下降至2018年的1.35%, 羊棘球蚴病患病率由2011年的5.08%下降至2018年的0.76%, 且棘球绦虫主要寄生于 牛 (占92.00%) 、羊 (占93.94%) 肝脏。2013—2014年, 在宁夏回族自治区西吉县和海原县采集红狐、狼、獾等野生动物粪 便63份, 未检出阳性粪便; 在2个县累计解剖家猫107只、家犬3只, 均未检出棘球绦虫。2016—2019年, 在宁夏回族自 治区西吉县、原州区和海原县累计解剖野鼠6 046只, 多房棘球绦虫感染率为0.31%。2011—2018年, 宁夏回族自治区人 群棘球蚴病防治知识知晓率呈逐年上升趋势 (χ2趋势= 3 367.97, P < 0.01), 由2011年的21.83%上升至2018年的72.24%。 结论宁夏回族自治区棘球蚴病综合防治措施实施效果显著, 棘球蚴病流行得到初步控制; 但少数地区棘球蚴病传播风 险依然存在, 仍需加强棘球蚴病综合防治工作。.

Leaf miner is one of the major pests on safflower, which causes yield loss and poor quality seriously. "Weihonghua", "nine safflower varieties" and "three chemical insecticides" as materials that used to evaluate variety and regularity of leaf miner, safflower resistant level, and different proportions insecticides in field efficiency test. The results showed that Liriomyza sativae and L. huidobrensis accounted for 80%, the peak period of two pests was all in July; but Phytomyza horticola is relative less, its peak period occured in June. Three were great difference of resistance to leaf miner among safflower varieties, FQ12 and YJ65 expressed higher resistibility to leaf miner by ratio method. With abamectin 2% emulsifiable concentrate diluted for 2 000 times, or the mixture three insecticides(bifenthrin 20% water emulsions, thiamethoxam 25% water dispersible granule, abamectin 2% emulsifiable concentrate=1∶1∶1) diluted for 3 000 times, which were sprayed on leaves at squaring stage and lethal rate was 96% after 48 h in the study. Through comparative study on the variety and regularity of leaf miner, screen for resistant varieties to leaf miner and for high efficiency pesticide. The study provides theoretical basis and reference for integrated pest management of leaf miner.