UNASSIGNED: Currently, pharmacists occupy a non-mainstream position in China\'s healthcare system, and there has been little research concerning the interaction among pharmacists\' psychological status, work engagement, and other aspects of the healthcare system and relationship with their work. Our study examined the basic situation of Chinese pharmacists and investigated the relationship among pharmacists\' perceived organizational support, resilience, and engagement when working in a competitive environment.
UNASSIGNED: To investigate the awareness of perceived organizational support among pharmacists at Chinese hospitals, analyze the correlation between perceived organizational support and short-term resilience and work engagement scale scores after frustration, and examine the effect of various factors on pharmacists\' work engagement in a stressful and competitive work environment.
UNASSIGNED: An electronic questionnaire survey was made available to 300 pharmacists at Chinese hospitals, and these pharmacists were engaged in intensely competitive work within their respective hospitals. The questionnaire survey employed the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), and Perceived Organizational Support Scale (POS). IBM SPSS Statistics Version 19.0 was used to analyze the collected data.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 295 of the 300 questionnaires were recovered, for a valid questionnaire rate of 98.33% (n = 295). The 3 scales used in this study where scored on 5-point Likert scales; the BRS-6 scale assessed resilience, and a mean value of 3.43 points was obtained; the UWES-9 scale assessed employee engagement, and a mean value of 3.63 points was obtained; and the POS-8 scale assessed perceived organizational support, and a mean value of 3.35 points was obtained. These results indicated that the pharmacists had above average perceived organizational support, short-term resilience, and work engagement. We found that the BRS had a Pearson correlation of 0.553 with the UWES and that the POS had a Pearson correlation of 0.663 (P＜0.01) with the UWES, revealing that there was a significant correlation between the pharmacists\' perceived organizational support, short-term resilience, and engagement.
UNASSIGNED: This study found that pharmacists possessing relatively strong short-term resilience and receiving extensive perceived support from their organizations are able to more effectively engage with their everyday work, a result that indicated that the perception of receiving organizational support and the possession of short-term resilience have a significant connection with employees\' work engagement.

Background Due to the drug-centred tradition of Chinese hospital pharmacy and the lack of corresponding laws and regulations, Chinese clinical pharmacists may experience the problems of role ambiguity and role conflict. These problems may affect whether clinical pharmacists undertake their responsibilities, thus affecting the level of clinical pharmacy care. Objective To evaluate the level of Chinese clinical pharmacists\' role ambiguity and role conflict and to analyse their influence on the undertaking of responsibilities. Setting Research was conducted in 31 provinces (autonomous regions) and municipality directly under the Central Government in mainland China. Main outcome measure Chinese version of a role ambiguity and role conflict scale was used to measure clinical pharmacists\' role ambiguity and role conflict. A scale for clinical pharmacists\' responsibilities was established to measure whether clinical pharmacists undertake their responsibilities. Methods Subgroup analysis and logistic regression were employed to analyse the phenomenon of Chinese clinical pharmacists\' role ambiguity and role conflict and their influence on their fulfilment of responsibilities. Results Clinical pharmacists in China experience role ambiguity and role conflict. Clinical pharmacists in the eastern region, tertiary hospitals, and hospitals where clinical pharmacists training programs are available were less likely to experience role ambiguity and role conflict than those in the central and western regions, secondary hospitals, and hospitals where clinical pharmacists training programs are not available. Role ambiguity and role conflict have significant impacts on whether clinical pharmacists undertake certain responsibilities. Conclusion This study shows that clinical pharmacists in China experience problems with role ambiguity and role conflict and it will affect their fulfilment of their responsibilities. We propose that corresponding policies and measures should be taken to alleviate role ambiguity and role conflict and improve clinical pharmacy service.

Clinical pharmacists\' routine task is carrying out pharmaceutical care to ensure patients\' safe and reasonable medication use. However, under public health emergencies, such as the outbreak of COVID-19, the work strategies of clinical pharmacists need to be modified according to the rapid spread of the disease, where information and resources are usually lack to guide them.
To retrieve and investigate the prevention and control measures of clinical pharmacists during the outbreak of novel coronavirus, summarize the roles and responsibilities of clinical pharmacists, and to propose innovative strategies for developing pharmacy services under the epidemic.
The Chinese and English databases, self-media network, website of professional society or medical institution, and clinical trial center platforms were searched, and clinical pharmacists involved in the work against COVID-19 were surveyed and interviewed. Investigate the challenges and needs of frontline medical staffs for treating patients, and formulate strategies based on the actual medical environment.
Clinical pharmacists play a vital role in leading the industry to formulate work instructions, provide frontline medical staff with drug information, and develop innovative pharmacy services to promote the rational use of medicines with collaborative teamwork and close communication according to the epidemic situation of COVID-19. Anti-epidemic work indeed has driven the development of remote pharmacy services.
Facing public health emergencies, clinical pharmacists can give full play to their professional expertise, analyze the current situation rationally, formulate telehealth strategies swiftly, and work in a united and efficient manner to provide innovative pharmacy services to ensure medication safety and rational use of medicine.

BACKGROUND: As antimicrobial resistance became an increasing threat to global public health, Clinical Pharmacist-led Consultation (CPC) for Infectious Diseases (ID) was developed in China. We conducted a survey among hospital pharmacies to investigate the present situation and potential determinants of CPC for ID in China\'s Guizhou Province.
METHODS: The study was conducted by sending the questionnaire to the directors of hospital pharmacy who were members of Guizhou Province Pharmaceutical Administration Collaboration Network (GPPACN) from April to May 2019. We implemented the Firth\'s logistic regression model to analyze the factors that influence the implementation of CPC. The acceptance rate of consultation suggestions (ARCS) and effective response rate after acceptance of pharmacists\' suggestions (ERRAPS) were pooled by meta-analysis using a random effect model, respectively. A pairwise meta-analysis was performed to compare the effective response rate between patients whose treatment followed the pharmacists\' suggestions and those whose treatment did not.
RESULTS: A total of 83 hospitals covering 9 regions in Guizhou Province were included in this survey. The results showed that 50 hospitals (60.24%) developed the CPC for ID. Staffing ID, respiratory, or general clinical pharmacist had a significantly positive effect on the implementation of CPC [adjusted odds ratios = 7.298, 95% CI (confidence interval): 2.232 to 23.858]. The pooled ARCS and ERRAPS for secondary hospitals were 97.59% (95% CI: 94.27 to 100.00%) and 88.36% (95% CI: 84.71 to 92.17%), respectively. Importantly, CPC improved the prognosis of ID patients [risk ratio (RR) = 6.49, 95% CI: 2.84 to 14.82] in these hospitals.
CONCLUSIONS: CPC adoption is gradually increasing among hospitals and will be a promising intervention for ID treatment at grassroots medical institutions in Guizhou Province. Training more clinical pharmacists to specialize in ID, respiratory, or general diseases might be the most practical measure to promote the development of CPC for ID.

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