Genotoxicity

遗传毒性
  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    婴儿双歧杆菌YLGB-1496,最初从台湾母亲的母乳中分离出来,正在研究用作益生菌。作为安全评估的一部分,一个艾姆斯,体内小鼠微核,并进行了为期13周的口服大鼠毒性研究,并进行了体内小鼠精母细胞染色体畸变测定。婴儿芽孢杆菌YLGB-1496在任何遗传毒性测定中都没有活性。以0至1.5g/kgbw/天的剂量向Sprague-Dawley大鼠施用细菌对所测量的任何终点都没有治疗相关的影响。基于对一般物种的广泛经验,似乎不担心婴儿双歧杆菌YLGB-1496的易位或致病性。当前研究的结果支持婴儿芽孢杆菌YLGB-1496作为婴儿配方中的益生菌的潜在用途。
    Bifidobacterium infantis YLGB-1496, originally isolated from breast milk from a Taiwanese mother, is under study for use as a probiotic. As part of safety assessment, an Ames, in vivo mouse micronucleus, and in vivo mouse spermatocyte chromosome aberration assay were conducted along with a 13-week oral rat toxicity study. B. infantis YLGB-1496 had no activity in any of the genotoxicity assays. Administration of the bacteria to Sprague-Dawley rats at doses ranging from 0 to 1.5 g/kg bw/day had no treatment-related effects on any of the endpoints measured. There appear to be no concerns for translocation or pathogenicity of B. infantis YLGB-1496 based on extensive experience with the species in general. The results of the current investigations support potential use of B. infantis YLGB-1496 as a probiotic in infant formula.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    背景:镉(Cd)是一种环境污染物,是一种以其遗传毒性作用而闻名的重金属,这可能导致癌症和其他相关疾病。防止Cd诱导的遗传毒性至关重要;然而,关于这个主题的研究有限。Salidroside(SAL),从红景天中分离出的苯丙素糖苷,是一种流行的药用化合物,具有多种健康益处。然而,其对Cd诱导的遗传毒性的治疗作用仍有待探索。
    方法:人胎肺成纤维细胞用20μMCd2+(CdCl2)处理12h,用5-20μMSAL检测抗DNA损伤作用。使用γH2AX表达和碱性彗星测定法评估DNA损伤。使用流式细胞术测量细胞内活性氧(ROS)水平。
    结果:暴露于20μMCd2+12小时诱导人胎肺成纤维细胞的显著DNA损伤,并且这种效果通过SAL治疗显著减弱。SAL处理没有降低用Cd2+处理的细胞中的ROS水平。
    结论:SAL可有效预防Cd2+诱导的人胎儿肺成纤维细胞DNA损伤。然而,潜在的机制需要进一步调查。
    BACKGROUND: Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant and a heavy metal known for its genotoxic effects, which can lead to cancer and other related diseases. Preventing Cd-induced genotoxicity is crucial; however, there is limited research on this topic. Salidroside (SAL), a phenylpropanoid glycoside isolated from Rhodiola rosea L., is a popular medicinal compound with several health benefits. Nevertheless, its therapeutic effect on Cd-induced genotoxicity remains unexplored.
    METHODS: Human fetal lung fibroblasts were treated with 20 μM Cd2+ (CdCl2) for 12 h and 5-20 μM SAL was used to test the anti-DNA damage effect. DNA damage was evaluated using γH2AX expression and the alkaline comet assay. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured using flow cytometry.
    RESULTS: Exposure to 20 μM Cd2+ for 12 h induced significant DNA damage in human fetal lung fibroblasts, and this effect was notably attenuated by SAL treatment. SAL treatment did not decrease ROS levels in cells treated with Cd2+.
    CONCLUSIONS: SAL effectively prevented Cd2+-induced DNA damage in human fetal lung fibroblasts. However, the underlying mechanism requires further investigation.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    XQ528酒石酸盐对可育SD大鼠胚胎和胎儿发育的影响,还有他们的胚胎和同窝的人,使用胚胎-胎儿发育毒性试验进行评估。当妊娠第6~15天鼻内给予0.25,1.25和5.0mg/kg剂量时,可育SD大鼠没有明显的一般毒性作用.该化合物的遗传毒性通过包括Ames测试在内的一系列测试进行评估,中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞染色体畸变试验,和ICR小鼠的微核试验。Ames测试的结果表明,在TA97,TA98,TA100,TA102和TA1535菌株中,浓度为5000、500、50.0、5.0和0.5μg/皿时具有非致突变性。此外,CHO细胞的染色体畸变率在50.5,101.0和202.0μg/mL浓度下无显著改变.在鼻内给药后11.25、22.50和45.00mg/kg的剂量水平下,在ICR小鼠中未观察到微核诱导。总之,XQ528酒石酸盐对可育SD大鼠的发育毒性没有观察到的不良反应水平(NOAEL),胚胎,在本研究的测试条件下,同窝窝的浓度为5.0mg/kg/天。在这些测试条件下,XQ528酒石酸盐没有表现出任何显著的遗传毒性或致癌潜力。
    The effects of XQ528 tartrate on the embryonic and fetal development of fertile Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, along with their embryos and littermates, were evaluated using an embryo-fetus developmental toxicity assay. fertile SD rats exhibited no significant general toxic effects when administered doses of 0.25, 1.25, and 5.0 mg/kg intranasally from days 6 to 15 of gestation. The genotoxicity of the compound was evaluated through an amalgam of tests that included the Ames test, the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell chromosome aberration test, and the micronucleus test in ICR mice. The results from the Ames test indicated non-mutagenicity at concentrations of 5000, 500, 50.0, 5.0, and 0.5 μg/dish across strains TA97, TA98, TA100, TA102, and TA1535. Additionally, the chromosomal aberration rates in CHO cells were not significantly altered at concentrations of 50.5, 101.0, and 202.0 μg/mL. No micronuclei induction was observed in ICR mice at dosage levels of 11.25, 22.50, and 45.00 mg/kg post intranasal administration. In conclusion, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for developmental toxicity of XQ528 tartrate in fertile SD rats, embryos, and littermates under the test conditions in this study was established at 5.0 mg/kg/day. Under these test conditions, XQ528 tartrate did not exhibit any significant genotoxic or carcinogenic potential.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    背景:缬草,俗称“缬草”,是一种分布在美国北温带地区的传统草药,欧洲和亚洲。在中医中,缬草和它的根被用于治疗心脏和心灵的不安,心悸和失眠引起的内部抑郁的情绪和情绪。然而,缬草的安全性评价尚不清楚。
    目的:本研究旨在评估遗传毒性,14天急性口服毒性试验,缬草根水提物(AEVR)90天亚慢性经口毒性试验和致畸试验。
    方法:用细菌回复突变评估AEVR的遗传毒性,小鼠红细胞微核试验和体外哺乳动物细胞染色体畸变试验。在14天的急性毒性研究中,昆明小鼠以96g/kg体重的剂量通过管饲法给药。在90天的亚慢性毒性研究中,Sprague-Dawley大鼠接受0、3.5、7和14g/kg体重的AEVR口服剂量。在致畸研究中,怀孕的Sprague-Dawley大鼠接受剂量为0、3.5、7和14g/kg体重的AEVR。
    结果:AEVR没有显示任何基于细菌反向突变的遗传毒性,小鼠红细胞微核试验和体外哺乳动物细胞染色体畸变试验。在急性毒性研究中,96g/kg体重剂量的AEVR不会导致雄性或雌性小鼠的死亡或异常行为。在亚慢性毒性研究中,在0、3.5、7、14克/千克体重的剂量下,对临床观察没有剂量相关影响,体重,器官重量,血液学,在雄性或雌性大鼠中检测AEVR的血清生化和尿液分析。致畸试验显示胚胎形成无明显毒理学变化,怀孕大鼠的体重,外部,在剂量为0、3.5、7、14g/kg体重的孕鼠和胎鼠中观察到的骨骼和内脏检查。
    结论:体内或体外试验证明AEVR不表现出遗传毒性。根据急性口服毒性研究,在两种性别的小鼠中,AEVR的LD50均大于96g/kg体重。亚慢性毒性和致畸试验表明,AEVR的无观察不良反应水平(NOAEL)不低于14g/kg体重。本研究建立了AEVR的无毒剂量,为在一些国家和地区使用缬草作为新资源食品提供了基础。
    BACKGROUND: Valeriana officinalis L., commonly known as \"valerian\", is a traditional herbal medicine distributed in the north temperate zones of America, Europe and Asia. In traditional Chinese medicine, valerian and its roots were used for the treatment of restlessness of the heart and mind, palpitation and insomnia caused by internal depression of emotions and moods. However, safety evaluation of valerian remains deeply unclear.
    OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the genotoxicity, 14-days acute oral toxicity test, 90-day subchronic oral toxicity test and teratogenicity test of aqueous extract of valerian root (AEVR).
    METHODS: The genotoxicity of AEVR was evaluated with bacterial reverse mutation, mouse erythrocyte micronucleus test and in vitro mammalian cell chromosome aberration test. In the 14-days acute toxicity study, Kunming mice were administered at a dosage of 96 g/kg body weigh by gavage. In the 90-day subchronic toxicity study, Sprague-Dawley rats received oral doses of 0, 3.5, 7 and 14 g/kg body weight of AEVR. In the teratogenicity study, pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats received a dose of 0, 3.5, 7 and 14 g/kg body weight of AEVR.
    RESULTS: AEVR did not show any genotoxicity based on the bacterial reverse mutation, mouse erythrocyte micronucleus test and in vitro mammalian cell chromosome aberration test. In the acute toxicity study, AEVR at a dose of 96 g/kg body weight did not cause death or abnormal behavior in male or female mice. In the subchronic toxicity study, at the doses of 0, 3.5, 7, 14 g/kg body weight, no dose-related effects on clinical observation, body weight, organ weight, hematology, serum biochemistry and urinalysis of AEVR were detected in male or female rats. Teratogenicity test shown that there were no significant toxicologically changes in embryonic formation, body weight of pregnant rats, external, skeletal and visceral examination observed in pregnant and fetal rats at the dosage of 0, 3.5, 7, 14 g/kg body weight.
    CONCLUSIONS: In vivo or in vitro assays demonstrated that AEVR does not exhibit genotoxicity. The LD50 of AEVR was greater than 96 g/kg body weight in both sex of mice according to acute oral toxicity study. Subchronic toxicity and teratogenicity tests showed that the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of AEVR was no less than 14 g/kg body weight. This study established a non-toxic dose of AEVR, providing a foundation for the use of valerian as a new resource food in some countries and regions.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    难降解环烷酸(NAs)是油砂工艺水(OSPW)中的主要有毒化合物之一,具有复杂化学组成的基质,对其修复提出了挑战。本研究评估了过氧化钙(CaO2)与太阳辐射(solar/CaO2)结合作为降解模型NAs(1,2,3,4-四氢萘-2-羧酸,戊酸,和二苯乙酸)在合成水(STW)中,并为处理实际OSPW提供初步见解。太阳光和CaO2协同作用以降解STW中的目标NAs(协同因子>67),遵循伪一级动力学(R2≥0.95),最佳CaO2用量为0.1gL-1。发现无机离子和溶解的有机物通过太阳能/CaO2处理阻碍了NAs的降解;但是,在6.7h的处理中达到NAs的完全降解。主要降解机制涉及羟基自由基(·OH)的产生,对表观降解速率常数(K)贡献了90%,其次是H2O2(4-5%)和1O2(0-5%)。提出了三种NAs的初步转化途径,确认开环反应并产生短链脂肪酸离子作为最终产物。此外,在处理的样品中观察到急性微生物毒性和遗传毒性作用的降低,表明太阳能/CaO2处理具有很高的环境相容性。此外,太阳能/CaO2系统已成功应用于实际应用以去除天然NA的初步步骤,荧光团有机化合物,和来自OSPW的无机成分,证明了该技术在石油尾矿衍生NAs的深度处理中的潜在用途。
    Refractory naphthenic acids (NAs) are among the primary toxic compounds in oil sands process water (OSPW), a matrix with a complex chemical composition that poses challenges to its remediation. This study evaluated the effectiveness of calcium peroxide (CaO2) combined with solar radiation (solar/CaO2) as an advanced water treatment process for degrading model NAs (1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid, pentanoic acid, and diphenylacetic acid) in synthetic water (STW) and provide preliminary insights in treating real OSPW. Solar light and CaO2 acted synergistically to degrade target NAs in STW (>67 of synergistic factor) following a pseudo-first-order kinetic (R2 ≥ 0.95), with an optimal CaO2 dosage of 0.1 g L-1. Inorganic ions and dissolved organic matter were found to hinder the degradation of NAs by solar/CaO2 treatment; however, the complete degradation of NAs was reached in 6.7 h of treatment. The main degradation mechanism involved the generation of hydroxyl radicals (•OH), which contributed ∼90% to the apparent degradation rate constant (K), followed by H2O2 (4-5%) and 1O2 (0-5%). The tentative transformation pathways of three NAs were proposed, confirming an open-ring reaction and resulting in short-chain fatty acid ions as final products. Furthermore, a reduction in acute microbial toxicity and genotoxic effect was observed in the treated samples, suggesting that solar/CaO2 treatment exhibits high environmental compatibility. Furthermore, the solar/CaO2 system was successfully applied as a preliminary step for real-world applications to remove natural NAs, fluorophore organic compounds, and inorganic components from OSPW, demonstrating the potential use of this technology in the advanced treatment of oil-tailing-derived NAs.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    在本研究中,左旋氨氯地平苯磺酸盐对肥沃的Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠发育的影响,他们的胚胎,和同窝动物使用胚胎-胎儿发育毒性试验进行评估。在20mg/kg的剂量下观察到母体体重减轻,但停止治疗后就恢复了.20mg/kg剂量组显示胎鼠性别比偏态,男性比例较高。虽然在20mg/kg时观察到对胎儿胸骨发育的一些影响,未观察到骨骼畸形。在大坝(母亲)中未检测到明显的大体形态异常,在5和10mg/kg的剂量下,对胎儿大鼠没有明显的胚胎毒性或胎儿毒性,对胎儿的身长和体重发育没有显着影响。使用Ames测试的组合评估遗传毒性,中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞染色体畸变试验,ICR小鼠骨髓微核试验.Ames测试结果表明,在500和5000mg/皿的剂量下,具有显着的抑菌作用,在0.5、5和50mg/皿的剂量下没有观察到诱变性。2.8、5.6和11.2mg/mL剂量对CHO细胞染色体畸变率无明显影响。在ICR小鼠微核试验中,在每个治疗组中,剂量分别为3.125,6.25和12.5mg/kg时均未观察到微核诱导作用.总之,在这个实验条件下,左旋氨氯地平苯磺酸盐在可育SD大鼠中的发育毒性的未观察到的不良反应水平(NOAEL),他们的胚胎,同窝动物被确定为10mg/kg/天。左旋氨氯地平苯磺酸盐没有表现出明显的遗传毒性。
    In the present study, the effects of levamlodipine benzenesulfonate on the development of fertile Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, their embryos, and littermates were assessed using an embryo-fetal developmental toxicity test. Maternal body weight reduction was observed at a dose of 20 mg/kg, but it recovered after treatment cessation. The 20 mg/kg dose group showed a skewed sex ratio in fetal rats, with a higher proportion of males. While some effects on fetal sternum development were observed at 20 mg/kg, no skeletal malformations were observed. No significant gross morphological abnormalities were detected in the dams (mothers), no significant embryotoxicity or foetotoxicity in fetal rats and no significant effects on fetal length and weight development at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg. Genotoxicity was evaluated using a combination of the Ames test, the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell chromosome aberration assay, and the ICR mouse bone marrow micronucleus test. The Ames test results indicated substantial bacteriostatic effects at doses of 500 and 5000 mg/dish, with no mutagenicity observed at doses of 0.5, 5, and 50 mg/dish. No significant effect on the aberration rate of CHO cell chromosomes was found at doses of 2.8, 5.6, and 11.2 mg/mL. In the ICR mouse micronucleus test, no micronucleus-inducing effect was observed at doses of 3.125, 6.25, and 12.5 mg/kg in each treatment group. In conclusion, under the conditions of this experiment, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for developmental toxicity of levamlodipine benzenesulfonate in fertile SD rats, their embryos, and littermates was established to be 10 mg/kg/day. Levamlodipine benzenesulfonate did not exhibit significant genotoxicity.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    遗传毒性物质广泛存在于环境和食物供应中,由于它们可能引起DNA损伤和癌症,因此构成严重的健康风险。传统的遗传毒性试验,虽然有价值,受到灵敏度不足的限制,特异性,和效率,特别是当应用于复杂的食物基质时。这项研究引入了一种多参数高含量分析(HCA),用于检测复杂食品基质中的基因毒性物质。开发的测定法测量三种基因毒性生物标志物,包括γ-H2AX,p-H3和RAD51,提高了遗传毒性筛查的敏感性和准确性。此外,该测定法有效区分具有不同作用模式的基因毒性化合物,这不仅可以更全面地评估DNA损伤和细胞对遗传毒性应激的反应,还可以为探索遗传毒性机制提供新的见解。值得注意的是,五个测试的食物矩阵,包括咖啡,茶,白菜,菠菜,还有番茄,被发现在适当的稀释比例下不会干扰这些生物标志物的检测,验证了食品工业中基因毒性化合物筛选试验的稳健性和可靠性。多种生物标志物与HCA的整合为检测和评估食品供应中的基因毒性物质提供了一种有效的方法。在毒理学研究和食品安全方面具有潜在的应用。
    Genotoxic substances widely exist in the environment and the food supply, posing serious health risks due to their potential to induce DNA damage and cancer. Traditional genotoxicity assays, while valuable, are limited by insufficient sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency, particularly when applied to complex food matrices. This study introduces a multiparametric high-content analysis (HCA) for the detection of genotoxic substances in complex food matrices. The developed assay measures three genotoxic biomarkers, including γ-H2AX, p-H3, and RAD51, which enhances the sensitivity and accuracy of genotoxicity screening. Moreover, the assay effectively distinguishes genotoxic compounds with different modes of action, which not only offers a more comprehensive assessment of DNA damage and the cellular response to genotoxic stress but also provides new insights into the exploration of genotoxicity mechanisms. Notably, the five tested food matrices, including coffee, tea, pak choi, spinach, and tomato, were found not to interfere with the detection of these biomarkers under proper dilution ratios, validating the robustness and reliability of the assay for the screening of genotoxic compounds in the food industry. The integration of multiple biomarkers with HCA provides an efficient method for detecting and assessing genotoxic substances in the food supply, with potential applications in toxicology research and food safety.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    尽管微塑料(MPs)和石墨烯纳米材料(GNMs)已经证明了对水生生物的个体毒性,知识差距在于对它们的联合毒性缺乏了解。MPs和GNMs的联合毒性之间的差异,与它们的个体毒性相反,而且,阐明这种联合毒性的机制是尚待解决的科学问题。在这项研究中,我们检查了三种具有不同官能团的聚苯乙烯微塑料(MPs)的单独和组合毒性-未改性,羧基改性(COOH-),和氨基修饰的(NH2-)MPs-与还原的氧化石墨烯(RGO)结合在淡水微藻斜生栅藻上。更重要的是,我们探索了导致观察到的毒性的细胞和分子机制。结果表明,RGO的生长抑制毒性,无论是单独还是与三名议员结合,随着颗粒浓度的升高,对斜生菌的抑制作用逐渐增加。在较高浓度下,MPs-NH2对RGO诱导的毒性的缓解作用最为显著,超越了未经修改的国会议员的影响。然而,MPs-COOH对RGO的毒性没有实质性影响。未修饰的MPs和MPs-COOH加重了RGO对细胞膜完整性和氧化应激相关生物标志物的抑制作用。此外,与未修饰的MPs相比,MPs-COOH对RGO诱导的生物标志物表现出更强的抑制作用。相比之下,MPs-NH2减轻了RGO对生物标志物的抑制作用。此外,不同功能化的MPs的存在并没有显著影响RGO诱导的氧化应激和光合作用相关基因的表达。表明在分子水平上调节RGO遗传毒性的能力有限。这些发现可以更准确地理解这些微米和纳米材料带来的综合风险,并有助于设计更有效的缓解策略。
    Even though microplastics (MPs) and graphene nanomaterials (GNMs) have demonstrated individual toxicity towards aquatic organisms, the knowledge gap lies in the lack of understanding regarding their combined toxicity. The difference between the combined toxicity of MPs and GNMs, in contrast to their individual toxicities, and furthermore, the elucidation of the mechanism of this combined toxicity are scientific questions that remain to be addressed. In this study, we examined the individual and combined toxicity of three polystyrene microplastics (MPs) with different functional groups-unmodified, carboxyl-modified (COOH-), and amino-modified (NH2-) MPs-in combination with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) on the freshwater microalga Scenedesmus obliquus. More importantly, we explored the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for the observed toxicity. The results indicated that the growth inhibition toxicity of RGO, either alone or in combination with the three MPs, against S. obliquus increased gradually with higher particle concentrations. The mitigating effect of MPs-NH2 on RGO-induced toxicity was most significant at a higher concentration, surpassing the effect of unmodified MPs. However, the MPs-COOH did not exhibit a substantial impact on the toxicity of RGO. Unmodified MPs and MPs-COOH aggravated the inhibition effects of RGO on the cell membrane integrity and oxidative stress-related biomarkers. Additionally, MPs-COOH exhibited a stronger inhibition effect on RGO-induced biomarkers compared to unmodified MPs. In contrast, the MPs-NH2 alleviated the inhibition effect of RGO on the biomarkers. Furthermore, the presence of differently functionalized MPs did not significantly affect RGO-induced oxidative stress and photosynthesis-related gene expression in S. obliquus, indicating a limited ability to modulate RGO genotoxicity at the molecular level. These findings can offer a more accurate understanding of the combined risks posed by these micro- and nano-materials and assist in designing more effective mitigation strategies.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    纳米材料在农业中的广泛使用可能会将多种工程纳米颗粒(ENPs)引入环境中,对农作物构成综合风险。然而,解释植物组织如何对单个ENPs的混合物作出反应的确切分子机制仍不清楚,尽管有迹象表明它们的联合毒性与单个ENPs的总毒性不同。这里,我们使用了多种方法,包括物理化学,生物化学,和转录分析,以检查石墨烯纳米片(GNPs)和二氧化钛纳米颗粒(TiO2NP)对水培暴露的莴苣(Lactucasativa)幼苗的综合影响。结果表明,GNP的存在促进了Ti作为TiO2NP在幼苗根中的积累。与单独暴露相比,联合暴露于GNP和TiO2NP对根部的氧化损伤较小。然而,GNP和TiO2NP单独或结合使用不会在芽中引起氧化损伤。RNA测序数据显示,与暴露于单个ENPs相比,GNP和TiO2NP的混合物在幼苗中导致更多数量的差异表达基因(DEG)。此外,大多数编码超氧化物歧化酶的DEGs在暴露于GNP和TiO2NP组合的幼苗中显示出更高的表达水平。发现暴露于GNP和TiO2NP混合物的幼苗中的基因本体论(GO)富集水平高于暴露于分离的GNP或TiO2NP后观察到的GO富集水平。此外,信号通路,特别是“MAPK信号通路-植物”和“苯丙素生物合成,“与氧化应激密切相关。这项研究为植物抵抗多种ENPs的分子机制提供了有价值的见解。
    The widespread use of nanomaterials in agriculture may introduce multiple engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) into the environment, posing a combined risk to crops. However, the precise molecular mechanisms explaining how plant tissues respond to mixtures of individual ENPs remain unclear, despite indications that their combined toxicity differs from the summed toxicity of the individual ENPs. Here, we used a variety of methods including physicochemical, biochemical, and transcriptional analyses to examine the combined effects of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) on hydroponically exposed lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seedlings. Results indicated that the presence of GNPs facilitated the accumulation of Ti as TiO2 NPs in the seedling roots. Combined exposure to GNPs and TiO2 NPs caused less severe oxidative damage in the roots compared to individual exposures. Yet, GNPs and TiO2 NPs alone and in combination did not cause oxidative damage in the shoots. RNA sequencing data showed that the mixture of GNPs and TiO2 NPs led to a higher number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the seedlings compared to exposure to the individual ENPs. Moreover, the majority of the DEGs encoding superoxide dismutase displayed heightened expression levels in the seedlings exposed to the combination of GNPs and TiO2 NPs. The level of gene ontology (GO) enrichment in the seedlings exposed to the mixture of GNPs and TiO2 NPs was found to be greater than the level of GO enrichment observed after exposure to isolated GNPs or TiO2 NPs. Furthermore, the signaling pathways, specifically the \"MAPK signaling pathway-plant\" and \"phenylpropanoid biosynthesis,\" exhibited a close association with oxidative stress. This study has provided valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying plant resistance against multiple ENPs.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    氧化镁纳米颗粒(MgONPs)在生物医学以及农业和生物医学行业中使用的各种纳米技术材料中具有重要意义。然而,水生态系统中不同纳米浮质的释放成为一个严重的问题。因此,本研究旨在评估MgONPs对草鱼的毒性影响。将60只草鱼随机分为G0、G1、G2三组。G0组饲养的鱼作为对照,G1组和G2组的鱼分别暴露于0.5mg/L和0.7mg/L的MgONPs,在水中混合21天。MgONPs的96h中位致死浓度(LC50)为4.5mg/L。氧化应激生物标志物的评估,抗氧化酶,在试验的第7、14和21天确定了不同内脏器官的DNA损伤和红细胞中微核的存在。结果表明,剂量和时间依赖性的活性氧值显着增加,脂质过氧化产物,处理鱼的多个内脏器官中的DNA损伤和红细胞中的微核形成(0.7mg/L)。抗氧化剂谱的结果表明,总蛋白质的含量显着降低,过氧化氢酶,与对照组相比,在试验的第21天,暴露于MgONPs(0.5和0.7mg/L)的鱼的内脏器官中的超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶。总之,据记录,即使在低剂量下,MgONP也会严重影响草鱼的正常生理功能。
    Magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) have gained significant importance in biomedicine and variety of nanotechnology-based materials used in the agriculture and biomedical industries. However, the release of different nanowastes in the water ecosystem becomes a serious concern. Therefore, this study was executed to evaluate the toxic impacts of MgO NPs on grass carp. A total of 60 grass carp were randomly divided in three groups (G0, G1, and G2). Fish reared in group G0 were kept as control while fish of groups G1 and G2 were exposed to 0.5 mg/L and 0.7 mg/L MgO NPs, respectively, mixed in water for 21 days. The 96h median lethal concentration (LC50) of MgO NPs was found to be 4.5 mg/L. Evaluation of oxidative stress biomarkers, antioxidant enzymes, DNA damage in different visceral organs and the presence of micronuclei in erythrocytes were determined on days 7, 14, and 21 of the trial. Results revealed dose- and time-dependent significantly increased values of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation product, DNA damage in multiple visceral organs and formation of micronuclei in the erythrocytes of treated fish (0.7 mg/L). The results on antioxidant profile exhibited significantly lower amounts of total proteins, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase in visceral organs of the fish exposed to MgO NPs (0.5 and 0.7 mg/L) at day 21 of trial compared to control group. In conclusion, it has been recorded that MgO NPs severely influence the normal physiological functions of the grass carp even at low doses.
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