Fruits are essential for health, yet their consumption in children is inadequate, with unclear influencing factors.
A cross-sectional study was conducted among students in grades 3-12 in Beijing, China, from September 2020 to June 2021. Fruit consumption in children was surveyed using a self-administered food frequency questionnaire. Additionally, children\'s food and nutrition literacy and family food environments were assessed using the \"Food and Nutrition Literacy Questionnaire for Chinese School-age Children\" and the \"Family Food Environment Questionnaire for Chinese School-age Children,\" respectively.
Out of 10,000 participating children, 62.5% consumed fruit daily, with a lower frequency among boys (59.3%) compared to girls (65.8%), and among senior students (48.6%) compared to junior (63.6%) and primary students (71.2%). Fruit consumption was positively associated with other healthy foods (vegetables, whole grains, etc.) and negatively with unhealthy foods (sugared soft drinks). Children with higher food and nutrition literacy consumed fruits daily more frequently (82.4% vs. 59.9%, ORs = 2.438, 95%CI: 2.072-2.868). A significant positive correlation was found between children\'s fruit consumption and a healthy family food environment (66.4% vs. 50.2%, OR = 1.507, 95%CI: 1.363-1.667).
The results indicate that individual food and nutrition literacy and family food environment are key positive predictors of children\'s fruit consumption. Future interventions should focus on educating children and encouraging parents to foster supportive family environments.

Our knowledge of associations between specific types of food and mental health problems in preschool children, an important developmental period, remains scarce. Using a large sample size and a brief measure, we aimed to examine associations between food groups and mental health problems in preschoolers.
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 19,548 preschoolers in nine counties in China using a two-stage cluster sampling method. Information on food frequencies, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep conditions was collected by a parent-reported questionnaire. Mental health status was assessed by a parent-reported Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire (SDQ). Height and weight were measured, and BMI was calculated. Relationships between specific types of food groups and mental health status were examined using multivariable regression modeling.
Of the present study sample, 47.45% of children were girls. Boys had higher scores relating to total difficulties, conduct problems, hyperactivity, and peer problems than girls but lower scores in emotional symptoms and prosocial behavior. Children with more types of food categories tended to get lower SDQ total scores even after adjusting for confounding variables (p < 0.0001). The subscale scores of SDQ varied depending on the types and numbers of food consumed. Notably, boys\' mental health problems were more likely to be associated with their consumed food type. Processed meat frequency intake among boys and girls was positively related to prosocial behavior (Girls: pickled food: p = 0.003, fried food: p < 0.0001, barbecued food: p = 0.006, smoked food: p = 0.005; Boys: pickled food: p = 0.3, fried food: p < 0.0001, barbecued food: p = 0.006, smoked food: p = 0.005) and negatively associated with the SDQ total and the other subscale scores (Girls: pickled food: p ≤ 0.02, fried food: p ≤ 0.005 except for emotions (p = 0.1), barbecued food: p ≤ 0.047, smoked food: p ≤ 0.04 (except for emotions (p = 0.06) and conduct behaviors (p = 0.2)); Boys: pickled food: p < 0.01 except for hyperactivity (p = 0.5), fried food: p ≤ 0.005 except for emotions (p = 0.1), barbecued food: p ≤ 0.007 except for hyperactivity (p = 0.8), smoked food: p ≤ 0.001 except for hyperactivity (p = 0.1) and peer problem (p = 0.08)). Adequate intake frequency of confectionery (2-4 times/week) was beneficial to their emotions, conduct, and total difficulties and was also beneficial for peer and prosocial behavior for boys (Girls: emotions: p = 0.02, conduct: p = 0.02, hyperactivity: p = 0.4, peer: p = 0.06, total difficulties: p = 0.01, prosocial behavior: p = 0.1; Boys: emotions: p = 0.009, conduct: p = 0.0009, hyperactivity: p = 0.7, peer: p = 0.02: total difficulties: p = 0.003, prosocial behavior: p = 0.0002).
Diverse food categories and adequate frequency of confectionery were found to be beneficial for children\'s mental health, with the exception of processed meat. These findings provide novel information and supportive data for children\'s dietary guidelines and the improvement of mental health.

Mental health is affected by both genetic and environmental factors. However, previous studies have showed conflict findings about the role of lifestyle and little is known about the situation of the Chinese population. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the frequency of food consumption, physical exercise condition and mental health, as well as factors related to mental stress in Chinese.
We recruited 8160 residents who had health examinations in a public hospital during June 2016 to May 2018. Demographic characteristics, the frequency of food consumption, physical exercise condition and mental health status was collected by a questionnaire. We estimated the association using the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) based on Binary or ordinal logistic regression models. A classification and regression tree (CART) demonstrated the prediction of the value of a target variable based on other values.
The logistic regression model and classification tree model both found that the frequency of fresh vegetables or fruit and fried foods consumption and the current state of drinking alcohol were related to mental stress. The degree of mental stress reduced significantly with increasing consumption of fish (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.71-0.90) and regular exercise (OR = 0.55, 95% CI:0.48-0.64) in females and increased consumption of fish (OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.48-0.64) and cereal crop (OR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.68-0.89), fish (OR = 0.87, 95%CI:0.77-0.96) and regular exercise (OR = 0.61, 95%CI:0.53-0.70) in males. On the contrary, the frequency of consumption of desserts (OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.26-1.62) and the current of drinking alcohol (OR = 1.47, 95%CI:1.21-1.79) in females and meat (OR = 1.47, 95%CI: 1.31-1.65), pickled and smoked food (OR = 1.18, 95%CI:1.05-1.32) and the current state of drinking alcohol (OR = 1.25, 95%CI:1.12-1.40) in males were related to an increased risk of mental health.
Our study showed that both the frequency of some food consumption and physical exercise condition were associated with mental health and affected the degree of stress, which provided novel insights into interventions.

OBJECTIVE: To analysis the fresh vegetables and fresh fruit consumption among the elders aged 60 and above of China in 2015.
METHODS: The consumption of fresh vegetables and fresh fruits in the past 12 months was calculated by using the food frequency questionnaire data of 58 335 elderly people aged 60 and above from \"China National Chronic Diseases and Nutrition Surveillance of Adults(2015)\", and the intake status was evaluated according to the recommended intake of Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents(2016).
RESULTS: The consumption rate of fresh vegetables among the elderly in China was 98. 7%, the median intake of the whole population was 270. 0 g, the median intake of the consumer population was 300. 0 g, and the proportion of under-intake was 49. 6%. The fresh fruit consumption rate was 84. 2%, the median intake of the whole population was 30. 0 g, and the median intake of the consumer population was 50. 0 g. The proportion of insufficient intake of fresh fruits reached 85. 2%. The frequency of intake of fresh vegetables was mainly 2 times/day, accounting for 45. 9%; fresh vegetables intake 1-3 times/week and ≥2 times/day were 38. 7% and 35. 6%, respectively. The consumption rate and intake of fresh vegetables and fruits were both higher in urban areas than in rural areas, and decrease significantly with increasing age, lower educational background and lower income. In addition, the consumption rate and intake were lower in elderly living alone.
CONCLUSIONS: China& apos; s elderly people aged 60 and above have insufficient intake of vegetables and fruits. Health education and dietary guidance should be carried out, and intervention measures should be taken for key populations to effectively promote a reasonable diet for the elderly.

To examine the association between meat consumption and earlier age of menarche among schoolgirls in Shanghai.
The study randomly selected 1981 schoolgirls aged 6-18 years in Shanghai using a two-stage random sampling design. Information on meat intake was collected using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Menarche age, household income, physical activity and other covariates were obtained by standardised questionnaires. Logistic regression was used to analyse the association between intake of meat and earlier age of menarche. Earlier age of menarche was defined as first menstruation before 12 years of age.
Among the 986 girls who had experienced menarche, 518/986 (52.5%) had earlier age of menarche. After adjusting for body mass index, age, physical activity, sleep, household income and parental education, consumption of poultry was positively associated with risk of earlier age of menarche (P-trend = .03). Girls who never consumed poultry had a lower risk of earlier age of menarche (odds ratio [OR]: 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.39-0.96). Neither the consumption of pork, beef, lamb, processed meat nor total meat consumption was associated with menarche age.
Higher consumption of poultry was associated with an earlier age at menarche.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the instant noodles\' consumption status of Chinese population in 2010-2012.
METHODS: Data were collected from Chinese Nutrition and Health Surveillance in 2010-2012. A total of 78 466 valid subjects aged 6 years old and above were enrolled into analysis. The food frequency questionnaires were used to collect food consumption status information. Consumption rate, consuming frequency percentage, consumption of instant noodles, and sodium intake from instant noodles were calculated.
RESULTS: The instant noodles\' consumption rate of Chinese people aged 6 years old and above in 2010-2012 was 49. 7%, urban and rural were 49. 7% and 49. 8%respectively, male and female were 51. 6% and 48. 3% respectively. The consumption rate of children and adolescent aged 6-17 years old was 74. 6%. The food frequency were at least once/week 49. 0%, 1-3/month 36. 2%, < 1/month 14. 8%. The mean of instant noodles consumption per person per day was 17. 7 g. The mean of sodium consumption from instant noodles per person per day was 202. 5 mg. The instant noodlesand sodium\'s consumptions, of children and adolescent aged 6-17 years old were 21. 7 g and 248. 6 mg, decreased with increase of age.
CONCLUSIONS: The consumption of instant noodles in China is common, and the high consumption of children and adolescent should be paid attention.