研究表明,动画在儿童执行功能(EF)的发展中起着重要作用,以及EF组件的开发,抑制控制,工作记忆,和认知灵活性,是异步的。因此,这项研究探讨了影响每个EF组件的发展轨迹和动画特征(幻想和起搏),通过检查218名4-7岁的儿童。最漂亮的信息,主要是儿童EF库存,由父母提供:孩子的年龄,第一次接触动画的年龄,平日和周末的动画观看时间,家庭收入,和父母的教育。将每个年龄段的儿童随机分为四组,观看由不同动画特征组成的动画。看完之后,他们的EF是通过昼夜任务来测量的,向后数字跨度任务,和灵活的项目选择任务。结果表明,儿童的抑制控制,工作记忆和认知灵活性水平都随着年龄的增长而提高。高度幻想的动画削弱了孩子们在每个后续EF任务上的表现。起搏对儿童EF的任何组成部分均无影响。只有在年幼的儿童中,幻想才发现对抑制控制的互动作用;特别是,与低幻想动画相比,高幻想动画对年幼儿童(4-6岁)的抑制控制具有更明显的短期减弱作用。未来的研究应该探索内容而不是动画形式对幼儿EF的长期影响。
Research has shown that animation plays an important role in the development of children\'s executive function (EF), and the development of EF components, inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility, is asynchronous. Thus, this study explores the developmental trajectories and animation features (
fantasy and pacing) that influence each EF component, by examining 218 children aged 4-7. Pretest information, mainly the childhood EF inventory, was provided by parents: child\'s age, age of first exposure to animation, animation viewing time on weekdays and weekends, family income, and parents\' education. The children in each age group were randomly divided into four groups to watch animations comprised of different animation features. After watching, their EF were measured by a day-night task, backward digit-span task, and flexible item-selection task. The results showed that the children\'s inhibitory control, working memory and cognitive flexibility levels all improved with age. Highly fantastical animations weakened children\'s performance on each subsequent EF task. Pacing had no effect on any of the components of children\'s EF. An interactive effect on inhibitory control was only found with
fantasy in younger children; specifically, high-fantastical animations had a more pronounced short-lived weakening effect on inhibitory control in younger children (4-6 years) compared with low-fantastical animations. Future research should explore the long-term impact of content rather than the form of animation on younger children\'s EF.