OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical and genetic features of a child with Dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria (DSH) and variant of the ADAR1 gene.
METHODS: A child who was admitted to the Department of Dermatology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University in June 2020 due to irregular pigmented maculopapular rash on the dorsum of hands was selected as the study subject. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was carried out for the child and his similarly affected father, and Sanger sequencing was used to verify the candidate variant. SWISS-MODEL was used to predict the secondary and tertiary structures of the wild-type and mutant ADAR1 proteins.
RESULTS: The child, a 13-year-old boy, had symmetrical hyperpigmented and depigmented spots on the back of his hands and was clinically diagnosed with DSH. WES and Sanger sequencing results showed that he and his father had both harbored a heterozygous c.2858dup (p.T954Dfs*20) truncating variant in exon 10 of the ADAR1 gene. Based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, the variant was predicted as pathogenic (PVS1+PM2_Supporting+PM1+PP3).
CONCLUSIONS: The c.2858dup (p.T954Dfs*20) variant of the ADAR1 gene probably underlay the DSH in this pedigree.

HLA-B*40:86 differs from B*40:06:01:03 by a single nucleotide exchange in exon 3.

One nucleotide substitution in codon 81 of HLA-B*40:01:01 results in a novel allele, HLA-B*40:400.

Plants photoreceptors perceive changes in light quality and intensity and thereby regulate plant vegetative growth and reproductive development. By screening a γ irradiation-induced mutant library of the soybean (Glycine max) cultivar \"Dongsheng 7\", we identified Gmeny, a mutant with elongated nodes, yellowed leaves, decreased chlorophyll contents, altered photosynthetic performance, and early maturation. An analysis of bulked DNA and RNA data sampled from a population segregating for Gmeny, using the BVF-IGV pipeline established in our laboratory, identified a 10 bp deletion in the first exon of the candidate gene Glyma.02G304700. The causative mutation was verified by a variation analysis of over 500 genes in the candidate gene region and an association analysis, performed using two populations segregating for Gmeny. Glyma.02G304700 (GmHY2a) is a homolog of AtHY2a in Arabidopsis thaliana, which encodes a PΦB synthase involved in the biosynthesis of phytochrome. A transcriptome analysis of Gmeny using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) revealed changes in multiple functional pathways, including photosynthesis, gibberellic acid (GA) signaling, and flowering time, which may explain the observed mutant phenotypes. Further studies on the function of GmHY2a and its homologs will help us to understand its profound regulatory effects on photosynthesis, photomorphogenesis, and flowering time.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical phenotype and gene mutation of a genetic coagulation factor XII (FXII) deficiency pedigree and explore the molecular pathogenesis.
METHODS: The activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and FXII activity (FXII:C) were detected by clotting method. The FXII antigen (FXII:Ag) was tested with ELISA. All exons and flanks of F12 gene were determined by Sanger sequencing. ClustalX-2.1-win, PROVEAN and Swiss-Pdb Viewer software were used to analyze the conservatism of amino acids at the mutant site, forecast whether the mutant amino acids were harmful and confirm the influence of the mutation on protein structure.
RESULTS: The APTT of the proband prolonged to 71.3 s. The FXII:C and FXII:Ag were decreased to 5% and 6%, respectively. There were two heterozygous missense mutations c.580G>T and c.1681G>A detected in exon 7 and exon 14 of F12 gene, resulting in p.Gly175Cys and p.Gly542Ser, severally. Proband\'s father carried the p.Gly175Cys heterozygous mutation, while mother, brother and daughter had the p.Gly542Ser heterozygous mutation. Software analysis showed that both Gly175 and Gly542 were conserved, the two mutations were harmful and when mutations had occurred, the corresponding sites affected the protein local structure.
CONCLUSIONS: The p.Gly175Cys and p.Gly542Ser compound heterozygous mutations are the molecular pathogenesis of the hereditary coagulation FXII deficiency pedigree. The p.Gly175Cys mutation has been detected for the first time in the world.
UNASSIGNED: F12基因p.Gly175Cys和p.Gly542Ser复合杂合突变导致的遗传性凝血因子Ⅻ缺陷症的家系分析.
UNASSIGNED: 分析1例遗传性凝血因子Ⅻ（FⅫ）缺陷症家系的临床表型和基因突变情况，并探讨其分子致病机制。.
UNASSIGNED: 凝固法检测活化部分凝血活酶时间和FⅫ活性 ；ELISA方法检测FⅫ抗原；Sanger测序法测定F12基因所有外显子及侧翼序列；ClustalX-2.1-win、PROVEAN及Swiss-Pdb Viewer软件分析突变位点氨基酸的保守性、突变氨基酸是否为有害突变及该位点发生突变后对蛋白质结构的影响。.
UNASSIGNED: 先证者活化部分凝血活酶时间延长为71.3 s，FⅫ活性和FⅫ抗原分别降低为5%和6%；其F12基因第7和14外显子分别存在c.580G>T和c.1681G>A杂合错义突变，导致p.Gly175Cys和p.Gly542Ser；先证者父亲携带p.Gly175Cys杂合错义突变；先证者母亲、弟弟和女儿携带p.Gly542Ser杂合错义突变。软件分析结果表明Gly175和Gly542均保守，p.Gly175Cys和p.Gly542Ser为有害突变，突变发生后相应位点会对蛋白质局部结构产生影响。.
UNASSIGNED: p.Gly175Cys和p.Gly542Ser复合杂合突变是先证者家系遗传性FⅫ缺陷症的分子发病机制，其中p.Gly175Cys为国际上首次发现的新突变。.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the genetic mutation of coagulation factor Ⅶ ( F7) gene in a pedigree with coagulation factor Ⅶ (FⅦ) deficiency and explore the molecular pathogenesis.
METHODS: The prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), D-dimer (DD), fibrin degradation products (FDP) and coagulation factor Ⅶ activity (FⅦ:C) of the proband and her family members were detected by Sysmex-CS5100 analyzer. All exons and exon-intron boundaries of the F7 gene were amplified by PCR followed by direct sequencing. The detected mutation was confirmed by reverse sequencing. The ClustalW software was used to analyze the conservatism of the mutant site. Pathogenicity of the mutation was assessed with Mutation Taster and PolyPhen-2 online bioinformatics software. Structure of the mutant protein was analyzed using Swiss-PdbViewer software.
RESULTS: The results of routine coagulation tests showed that PT of the proband was markedly extended to 42.5 s, and her FⅦ:C significantly reduced to 2%. The FⅦ:C of her grandmother, mother and sister had slightly reduced to 49%, 51%, and 42%, respectively. These coagulant parameters of her father were within the normal range. Genetic analysis reveled a heterozygous G>A change at cDNA 646 in exon 6 of F7 gene in the proband, resulting in a replacement of glycine at 156 of FⅦ catalytic region with serine (p.Gly156Ser). The sequencing results of other exons and exon-intron boundaries of her F7 gene were normal. The proband\'s grandmother, mother and sister were all the carriers of this missense mutation except her father. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the p.Gly156Ser mutation caused polarity change of the amino acid at this site and formation of side chains, leading to increase of protein instability, which may affect catalytic activity of structural domain. Meanwhile, both Mutation Taster and PolyPhen-2 online bioinformatics software also predicted the pathogenicity of this missense mutation with high scores.
CONCLUSIONS: The heterozygous p.Gly156Ser mutation is the direct cause of the reduced FⅦ in this proband.
UNASSIGNED: 一种新的导致遗传性凝血因子Ⅶ缺陷症的基因突变分析.
UNASSIGNED: 对一例遗传性凝血因子Ⅶ（FⅦ）缺陷症的患者及其家系进行基因分析，探讨其分子发病机制。.
UNASSIGNED: 使用Sysmex-CS5100全自动血凝分析仪检测先证者及其家系成员（共3代8人）的凝血酶原时间（PT）、活化部分凝血活酶时间、凝血酶时间、D-二聚体、纤维蛋白降解产物以及血浆FⅦ的活性（FⅦ:C）水平；PCR法扩增先证者凝血因子Ⅶ基因（ F7）所有外显子和侧翼序列，PCR产物纯化后测序，发现突变位点则反向测序给予证实；使用ClustalW软件对突变位点进行保守性分析；应用Mutation Taster和PolyPhen-2在线生物学软件评估突变氨基酸对FⅦ蛋白结构与功能的危害性；运用Swiss软件对突变建模分析。.
UNASSIGNED: 凝血常规检查结果显示，先证者PT单独性延长至42.5 s；FⅦ:C明显降低，仅为2%；同样先证者外婆、母亲和妹妹的FⅦ:C都有轻度降低，分别为49%、51%和42%；父亲各指标均在正常参考范围。基因分析结果显示，先证者 F7基因第6号外显子cDNA的646位发生G>A杂合突变，导致FⅦ催化区的156位甘氨酸被替换为丝氨酸（p.Gly156Ser）。 F7其他外显子和侧翼序列的测序结果均正常。其外婆、母亲和妹妹均携带c.646G>A杂合突变，父亲为正常野生型。模型构建显示p.Gly156Ser突变使该位点氨基酸极性发生改变并出现侧链，从而使蛋白的不稳定性增加，可能影响所在结构域的催化活性。同时，Mutation Taster和PolyPhen-2两个在线生物信息学软件也高分预测该突变具有致病性。.
UNASSIGNED: 该遗传性凝血因子Ⅶ缺陷症患者FⅦ蛋白p.Gly156Ser错义突变与血浆FⅦ:C水平降低有关。.

HLA-A*11:01:127 differs from HLA-A*11:01:01:01 by one nucleotide in exon 3.

A nucleotide mutation in codon 171 of HLA-A*11:01:01:01 results in a novel allele HLA-A*11:127N.

Despite the importance of spliceosome core components in cellular processes, their roles in cancer development, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), remain poorly understood. In this study, we uncover a critical role for SmD2, a core component of the spliceosome machinery, in modulating DNA damage in HCC through its impact on BRCA1/FANC cassette exons and expression. Our findings reveal that SmD2 depletion sensitizes HCC cells to PARP inhibitors, expanding the potential therapeutic targets. We also demonstrate that SmD2 acetylation by p300 leads to its degradation, while HDAC2-mediated deacetylation stabilizes SmD2. Importantly, we show that the combination of Romidepsin and Olaparib exhibits significant therapeutic potential in multiple HCC models, highlighting the promise of targeting SmD2 acetylation and HDAC2 inhibition alongside PARP inhibitors for HCC treatment.

HLA-C*07:1089 differs from HLA-C*07:02:01:01 by one nucleotide in exon 3.