胃癌(GC)仍然是全球癌症死亡的第三大常见原因,可用的治疗策略有限。随着下一代测序和新的临床前模型技术的出现,我们对其发病机制和分子改变的理解仍在彻底改变。最近,GC的基因组景观已被划定。已经鉴定了每种分子亚型的分子表征和新的治疗靶标。同时,患者来源的肿瘤异种移植物和类器官现在是遗传进化研究的有效工具,生物标志物鉴定,药物筛选,以及对GC患者个体化用药策略的临床前评估。这些进展使得整合临床变得可行,基于基因组和基于表型的诊断和治疗方法,并将其应用于精准医学时代的个体GC患者。
Gastric cancer (GC) remains the third most common cause of cancer death worldwide, with limited therapeutic strategies available. With the advent of next-generation sequencing and new preclinical model technologies, our understanding of its pathogenesis and molecular alterations continues to be revolutionized. Recently, the genomic landscape of GC has been delineated. Molecular characterization and novel therapeutic targets of each molecular subtype have been identified. At the same time, patient-derived tumor xenografts and organoids now comprise effective tools for genetic evolution studies, biomarker identification, drug screening, and preclinical evaluation of personalized medicine strategies for GC patients. These advances are making it feasible to integrate clinical, genome-based and phenotype-based diagnostic and therapeutic methods and apply them to individual GC patients in the era of precision medicine.