目标:酒精损害的驾驶每年在美国造成10000多人死亡。这项研究估计了执法强度对减少酒精致命性车祸的独特影响。
方法:我们收集了30个州(包括哥伦比亚特区)的数据,这些州在1996年至2006年期间经历了最大的酒精损害致命性车祸变化。使用混合模型回归来检查驾驶执法受损强度的同比变化在多大程度上预测了在涉及酒精的致命撞车事故中丧生的驾驶员的逐年减少。
方法:在线获取30个州的数据。
方法:分析了来自总共279个州年组合的州级数据。
方法:我们的依赖性测量是血液酒精浓度(BAC)≥0.08g/dl的致命性车祸驾驶员与BAC=0.00g/dl的致命性车祸驾驶员的比率。人均受影响驾驶(DUI)逮捕和交通执法资金是主要预测因素。协变量是估计的车辆行驶里程(VMT);性别和种族/民族的比例分布;地理分布;21-34岁驾驶员的比例;家庭收入中位数;和教育水平。
结果:分析显示,在控制协变量后,人均DUI逮捕是唯一且显着的预测致命车祸比率的降低(β=-0.753,t(238)=2.1,P<0.05)。探索性分析表明,逮捕率的增加与城市和农村地区的减少有关。
结论:在控制了其他因素后,酒后驾驶的执法强度对减少酒精损害的撞车死亡人数有独特的贡献。
OBJECTIVE: Alcohol-impaired driving contributes to more than 10 000 fatalities in the United States each year. This research estimated the unique effect of enforcement intensity on reductions in alcohol-impaired fatal crashes.
METHODS: We collected data from 30 states (including the District of Columbia) that experienced the greatest changes in alcohol-impaired fatal crashes from 1996 to 2006. Mixed-model regression was used to examine the extent to which year-over-year changes in the intensity of impaired driving enforcement predicted year-over-year reductions of drivers killed in alcohol-involved fatal crashes.
METHODS: Data from 30 states were obtained online.
METHODS: Aggregate state-level data from a total of 279 state-year combinations were analyzed.
METHODS: Our dependent measure was the ratio of drivers involved in fatal crashes with blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) ≥ 0.08 g/dl over drivers involved in fatal crashes with BACs = 0.00 g/dl. Per capita driving under the influence (DUI) arrests and traffic enforcement funding were the primary predictors. Covariates were estimated vehicle miles traveled (VMT); the proportional distributions of gender and racial/ethnic; geographic distribution; the proportion of drivers aged 21-34 years; median family income; and education level.
RESULTS: Analysis revealed that DUI arrests per capita uniquely and significantly predicted reductions in the ratio of fatal crashes (β = -0.753, t(238) = 2.1, P < 0.05) after controlling the covariates. Exploratory analysis suggests the increase in arrest rates was associated with stronger reductions in urban versus rural settings.
CONCLUSIONS: Drunk driving enforcement intensity uniquely contributes to reductions in alcohol-impaired crash fatalities after controlling for other factors.