Descriptive statistics

描述性统计
  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    腕管综合征(CTS)是最常见的上肢压迫性神经病。大量的临床试验和荟萃分析提供了支持针灸治疗CTS有效性的证据。然而,理想的穴位选择仍然模棱两可。
    进行了数据挖掘分析,目的是确定CTS最有效的穴位组合和选择。
    从成立到2023年3月,对七个中英文电子书目数据库进行了搜索。选择的临床试验,评估针灸疗法对CTS的疗效,有或没有随机对照方法。数据提取主要包括穴位处方。信息,如第一作者,还提取了研究设计和研究设置。主要结果包括与CTS相关的临床表现。使用Excel2019生成统计描述。使用SPSSModeler18.0对关联规则进行分析。采用SPSSStatistics26.0,进行探索性因子分析和聚类分析。
    确定了142项试验(包括86项随机对照试验和56项非随机对照试验),抽取193组有效处方68个穴位。最常用的穴位是大灵(PC7),内关(PC6),He-gu(LI4),围观(TE5),和杨喜(LI5)。最常用的经络是心包经络和大肠经络。使用的特殊穴位大多数是五舒穴和元源穴,上肢穴位是最常用的。对核心穴位组进行分析,11组关联规则,8个因素,得到5个有效的聚类组。
    本研究结果提供了基于证据的穴位选择和针灸治疗腕管综合征的组合。
    UNASSIGNED: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most prevalent upper limb compressive neuropathy. A considerable number of clinical trials and meta-analyses have provided evidence supporting the effectiveness of acupuncture in treating CTS. Nevertheless, the ideal choice of acupoints remains ambiguous.
    UNASSIGNED: A data mining analysis was conducted with the objective of determining the most effective acupoint combinations and selection for CTS.
    UNASSIGNED: A search was conducted across seven Chinese and English electronic bibliographic databases spanning from their inception to March 2023. Selected were clinical trials that evaluated the efficacy of acupuncture therapy for CTS, with or without randomised controlled methods. Data extraction mainly included acupoint prescriptions. Information such as first author, study design and study setting were also extracted. The principal outcomes comprised the clinical manifestations linked to CTS. Statistical descriptions were generated using Excel 2019. The analysis of association rules was conducted using SPSS Modeler 18.0. Using SPSS Statistics 26.0, exploratory factor analysis and cluster analysis were conducted.
    UNASSIGNED: 142 trials (including 86 RCTs and 56 non RCTs) were identified, and 193 groups of effective prescriptions involving 68 acupoints were extracted. The most frequently used acupoints were Da-ling (PC7), Nei-guan (PC6), He-gu (LI4), Wai-guan (TE5), and Yang-xi (LI5). The most frequently used meridians were the pericardial meridian and the large intestine meridian. The majority of special acupoints used were Five-shu points and Yuan-source points, with acupoints on the upper limbs being the most frequently used. The core acupoint groups were analyzed and 11 groups of association rules, 8 factors, and 5 effective cluster groups were obtained.
    UNASSIGNED: The evidence-based acupoint selection and combinations of acupuncture therapy for carpal tunnel syndrome were provided by the findings of this study.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    知识密集型服务业已经成为社会经济的重要组成部分,这不仅促进了现代服务业的创新,也促进了制造业的升级和转型。知识密集型服务业的集聚不仅是经济增长的必然结果,也是经济持续增长的前提。此外,我国的国民经济正在从工业化经济向服务型、知识型经济转变,知识密集型服务业的重要性与日俱增。本文构建了人口集聚对城市群经济发展影响的理论框架。文章认为,人口集聚通过产业结构升级和人力资本提升促进城市群经济发展。在未来,我们需要关注中部城市群人口集聚与经济发展的异同,探索城市群经济发展的因素,为政府制定相关经济政策提供合理化建议。这篇论文,从创新研究的角度来看,基于人口集聚的视角,研究其在区域经济发展中的作用路径,可以在一定程度上弥补这一缺陷。此外,创新了研究对象,改进了研究方法。在上述基础上,选取长三角地区2012-2021年的面板数据作为研究样本,位置熵指数作为解释变量,以地区国内生产总值(GDP)为被解释变量,经济理论的合理性和计量经济检验的意义。最后,数据进行回归分析和检验。对长三角城市群的实证分析证明了知识密集型服务业集聚对区域经济发展的重要性。最后,基于知识密集型服务业集聚对区域经济的贡献,研究了知识密集型服务业的发展和产业集聚的促进。
    Knowledge-intensive service industry has become an important part of social economy, which not only promotes the innovation of modern service industry, but also promotes the upgrading and transformation of manufacturing industry. The agglomeration of knowledge-intensive service industry is not only the inevitable result of economic growth, but also the premise of sustained economic growth. Moreover, China\'s national economy is transforming from an industrialized economy to a service-oriented and knowledge-based economy, and the importance of knowledge-intensive service industry is increasing day by day. This paper constructs a theoretical framework of the influence of population agglomeration on the economic development of urban agglomerations. The article holds that population agglomeration promotes the economic development of urban agglomerations through the upgrading of industrial structure and the promotion of human capital. In the future, we need to focus on the similarities and differences between population agglomeration and economic development of urban agglomerations in central China, explore the factors of economic development of urban agglomerations, and provide reasonable suggestions for the government to formulate relevant economic policies. This paper, from an innovative research perspective, based on the perspective of population agglomeration, studies the path of its role in regional economic development, which can make up for this defect to some extent. Moreover, the research object has been innovated and the research method has been improved. On the basis of the above, the panel data of the Yangtze River Delta from 2012 to 2021 is selected as the research sample, the location entropy index is taken as the explanatory variable, the regional gross domestic product (GDP) is taken as the explanatory variable, and the rationality of economic theory and the significance of econometric test are considered. Finally, the data are analyzed and tested by regression. The empirical analysis of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration proves the importance of knowledge-intensive service industry agglomeration to regional economic development. Finally, based on the contribution of knowledge-intensive service industry agglomeration to regional economy, the development of knowledge-intensive service industry and the promotion of industrial agglomeration are studied.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    脑瘫(CP)的特征是发音异常,姿势,和运动。临床上,CP可以分为各种运动综合征,包括痉挛型偏瘫,双瘫,四肢瘫痪,非自愿运动,共济失调,和混合类型。其中,痉挛型CP占所有CP病例的70-80%以上。我们研究的主要目的是确定痉挛型脑瘫儿童的主要和核心中医(TCM)症状并分析其关联规则。从而提高中医治疗痉挛型CP的理论基础。
    这项研究将在陕西中医药大学附属西安脑病医院接受治疗的4至14岁的痉挛型CP儿童中进行。入院第一天将收集患者的基本信息及其中医症状。这些信息将包括年龄,性别,出生史,家族史,疾病分类,和中医症状(包括症状,舌头,和脉冲)。一旦收集到数据,它将从电子病历系统中导出以进行进一步分析。描述性统计将使用Excel2019进行,而探索性因子分析和聚类分析将使用SPSSStatistics22进行。此外,将使用SPSSModeler18进行关联规则分析。
    这项研究将调查痉挛型CP患儿最主要的中医症状,并探讨这些症状之间的关联规则,将痉挛性CP的表现映射到中医识别的症状上。
    我们的研究结果将提供痉挛型CP患儿中医症状的显著特征,为临床医生和患者提供基于证据的支持,以协作方式做出明智的决策。
    UNASSIGNED: Cerebral palsy (CP) is characterized by abnormal pronunciation, posture, and movement. Clinically, CP can be categorized into various motor syndromes, including spastic hemiplegia, diplegia, quadriplegia, involuntary movement, ataxia, and mixed types. Among these, spastic CP represents over 70-80% of all CP cases. The primary objective of our study is to identify the top and core Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) symptoms and analysis their association rules in children with spastic cerebral palsy, thereby enhancing the theoretical foundations of TCM treatment on spastic CP.
    UNASSIGNED: The study will be conducted on children aged 4 to 14 years with spastic CP who are undergoing treatment at Xi\'an Encephalopathy Hospital Affiliated to Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine. Basic information about the patients and their TCM symptoms will be collected on the first day of admission. This information will include age, gender, birth history, family history, disease classification, and TCM symptoms (including symptoms, tongue, and pulse). Once the data is collected, it will be exported from the electronic medical record system for further analysis. Descriptive statistics will be performed using Excel 2019, while exploratory factor analysis and cluster analysis will be conducted using SPSS Statistics 22. Additionally, association rule analysis will be carried out using SPSS Modeler 18.
    UNASSIGNED: This study will investigate the most top TCM symptoms in children with spastic CP and explore the association rules between these symptoms, mapping the presentation of spastic CP onto symptoms identified within TCM.
    UNASSIGNED: Our findings will provide the distinctive characteristics of TCM symptoms in children with spastic CP, furnishing evidence-based support to clinicians and patients in making well-informed decisions collaboratively.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    腕管综合征(CTS),作为上肢最常见的压迫性神经病,可导致患者上肢功能障碍。针灸治疗CTS的有效性已经得到了大量临床试验和荟萃分析的验证。但问题依然存在,如如何选择最佳穴位。我们的目的是进行首次数据挖掘分析,以确定治疗CTS的最有效的穴位选择和组合。
    我们将搜索7个电子书目数据库(PubMed,Embase,科克伦图书馆,中国国家知识基础设施,万方数据库,中国生物医学文献数据库和重庆VIP数据库)从成立到2023年3月。将选择评估针灸疗法对CTS管理的有效性的临床试验。评论,协议,动物试验,病例报告,系统评价,和荟萃分析将被排除。主要结果测量将是与CTS相关的临床结果。描述性统计将在Excel2019中进行。关联规则分析将在SPSSModeler18.0中执行。探索性因子分析和聚类分析将在SPSSStatistics26.0中进行。
    这项研究将研究CTS患者最有效的穴位选择和组合。
    我们的发现将为CTS患者穴位敷贴的有效性和潜在治疗处方提供证据,帮助临床医生和患者一起做出更明智的决定。
    UNASSIGNED: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), as the most common compression neuropathy in the upper limb, can lead to upper limb dysfunction in patients. The effectiveness of acupuncture in treating CTS has been validated based on numerous clinical trials and meta-analyses, but questions remain, such as how to select the best acupoints. Our purpose is to conduct the first data mining analysis to identify the most effective acupoint selection and combinations for treating CTS.
    UNASSIGNED: We will search 7 electronic bibliographic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database and Chongqing VIP Database) from inception to March 2023. Clinical trials assessing the effectiveness of acupuncture therapy on the management of CTS will be selected. Reviews, protocols, animal trials, case reports, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses will be excluded. The primary outcome measure will be clinical result associated with CTS. Descriptive statistics will be performed in Excel 2019. Association rule analysis will be performed in SPSS Modeler 18.0. Exploratory factor analysis and cluster analysis will be performed in SPSS Statistics 26.0.
    UNASSIGNED: This study will investigate the most effective acupoint selection and combinations for patients with CTS.
    UNASSIGNED: Our findings will provide evidence for the effectiveness and potential treatment prescriptions of acupoint application for patients with CTS, helping clinicians and patients make a more informed decision together.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    在本文中,我们提出了一个回归深度与回归深度的关系图,以下RR-图,用于基于半空间回归深度的回归观测。该工具的应用领域包括:关于回归系数的假设检验的可视化,以及来自不同模型的回归观测值之间的比较,等。还提供了一些表征定理来解决该RR图的基本原理。
    In this paper, we propose a regression depth versus regression depth plot, hereafter RR-plot, for regression observations based on the halfspace regression depth. Areas of application of this tool include: the visualization of hypothesis tests about regression coefficients, and of the comparison between regression observations from different models, etc. Some characterization theorems are also provided to address the rationale of this RR-plot.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    压力是抑郁症最重要的近端沉淀,然而,大多数大型全基因组关联研究(GWAS)不包括应激变量.这里,我们回顾了基因×环境(G×E)相互作用如何阻碍遗传因素的发现,讨论抑郁和成瘾中G×E相互作用的两个例子,纳入高压力环境的研究,以及即将到来的全基因组环境相互作用研究(GWEIS)浪潮。我们讨论了最近的研究,这些研究表明遗传分布可能受到移民和社会经济背景等社会因素的影响。这些区别不仅是学术上的,而且具有实际后果。由于与环境的相互作用,抑郁症的遗传倾向不应被视为不可改变的命运。患者可能不仅在对药物的反应方面存在遗传差异,正如现在公认的药物遗传学领域一样,还有他们对压力环境的反应,以及他们如何受到行为疗法的影响。
    Stress is the most important proximal precipitant of depression, yet most large genome-wide association studies (GWAS) do not include stress as a variable. Here, we review how gene × environment (G × E) interaction might impede the discovery of genetic factors, discuss two examples of G × E interaction in depression and addiction, studies incorporating high-stress environments, as well as upcoming waves of genome-wide environment interaction studies (GWEIS). We discuss recent studies which have shown that genetic distributions can be affected by social factors such as migrations and socioeconomic background. These distinctions are not just academic but have practical consequences. Owing to interaction with the environment, genetic predispositions to depression should not be viewed as unmodifiable destiny. Patients may genetically differ not just in their response to drugs, as in the now well-recognised field of pharmacogenetics, but also in how they react to stressful environments and how they are affected by behavioural therapies.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    不规则的自我选择是积极参与互动的表现。英语作为外语(EFL)学习者的“交流互动”就是其中一种情况。然而,很少有研究探索什么时候,如何,以及为什么学习者实施这一行动。本文的目的是从多模态互动的角度来解决中国研究生英语学习者对话中的这些问题。为此,我们提供描述性统计数据,并使用多模态对话分析来调查不规则自我选择的详细过程.结果表明,学习者的互动敏感性,所有成功的不规则自选可以分为以下三种类型:转弯中断(TI),转向竞争TC),并轮流举行堕胎(THA)。学习者通过使用多模式资源来实现此操作,包括Lexis,语法,音高复位,强度增强,gaze,等等。然而,他们的身体动作缺乏多样性,导致行为受到限制和不活跃。不规则自我选择的主要目的是提供有助于主题发展的知识。这项研究表明,中国研究生英语学习者是互动能力强的成员。他们能够实现交际目标,但身体运动的多样性较低。这些发现有助于了解EFL学习者对话中演讲者要求的详细过程。
    Irregular self-selection is a demonstration of active involvement in interaction. English as a foreign language (EFL) learners\' talk-in-interaction is one of such cases. Yet, little research has explored when, how, and why learners implement this action. The aim of this article is to address these issues in Chinese postgraduate EFL learners\' conversations from the perspective of multimodal interaction. To this end, we provide descriptive statistics and use multimodal conversation analysis to investigate the detailed process of irregular self-selection. The results show the interactional sensitivity of learners, and all the successful irregular self-selection can be divided into the following three types: turn interruption (TI), turn competition TC), and turn holding abortion (THA). Learners implement this action by using multimodal resources, including lexis, syntax, pitch reset, intensity enhancement, gaze, and so forth. However, their body movements lack diversity, causing behaviors to be constrained and inactive. The main purpose of irregular self-selection is to provide knowledge that contributes to topical development. This study reveals that Chinese postgraduate EFL learners are interactionally competent members. They are able to achieve communicative goals but in a low diversity of body movements. The findings help to understand the detailed process of speakership claiming in EFL learners\' conversations.
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