背景:头颈部鳞状细胞癌(HNSCC)是全球第六大最常见的恶性肿瘤,以高发病率为特征,高死亡率,预后不良。已显示含有1的胶原三螺旋重复序列(CTHRC1)在各种癌症中高度表达。然而,它的生物学功能,作为生物标志物的潜在作用,其与HNSCC免疫浸润的关系尚不清楚。我们的主要目标是分析CTHRC1表达,其预后影响,生物学功能,生物信息学分析及其对HNSCC患者免疫系统的影响。
方法:从癌症基因组图谱(TCGA)和基因表达综合(GEO)获得表达矩阵。分析肿瘤和邻近正常组织之间HNSCC中CTHRC1的表达,不同阶段进行了比较,并使用Kaplan-Meier分析评估其对临床预后的影响。基因本体论(GO),京都基因和基因组百科全书(KEGG),和基因集变异分析(GSVA)用于富集分析。使用用于检索相互作用基因数据库(STRING)的搜索工具来分析蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用。使用Pearson相关性检验来研究CTHRC1表达与免疫检查点之间的关联。使用CIBERSORT研究CTHRC1与免疫浸润的相关性,TIMER,和估计。
结果:与邻近的正常组织相比,发现CTHRC1在肿瘤中高度过表达。CTHRC1的表达在HNSCC晚期更为明显,并预测预后不良。HNSCC中与CTHRC1相关的大多数基因都富含细胞外基质(ECM)和肿瘤的生理功能。此外,几个免疫检查点,例如TNFSF4和CD276已显示与CTHRC1表达相关。值得注意的是,CTHRC1表达水平与免疫浸润水平显著相关,特别是HNSCC中活化的巨噬细胞。
结论:CTHRC1的高表达预示着预后不良,并且与HNSCC的免疫浸润有关,确认其作为HNSCC的肿瘤标志物的实用性。
背景:不适用。所有数据均来自公共数据库,不包含任何临床试验。
BACKGROUND: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide, characterized by high morbidity, high mortality, and poor prognosis. Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (
CTHRC1) has been shown to be highly expressed in various cancers. However, its biological functions, potential role as a biomarker, and its relationship with immune infiltrates in HNSCC remain unclear. Our principal objective was to analyze
CTHRC1 expression, its prognostic implications, biological functions, and its effects on the immune system in HNSCC patients using bioinformatics analysis.
METHODS: The expression matrix was obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO).
CTHRC1 expression in HNSCC was analyzed between tumor and adjacent normal tissues, different stages were compared, and its impact on clinical prognosis was assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) were employed for enrichment analysis. The Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes database (STRING) was used to analyze protein-protein interactions. Pearson correlation tests were used to investigate the association between
CTHRC1 expression and immune checkpoints. The correlation between CTHRC1 and immune infiltration was investigated using CIBERSORT, TIMER, and ESTIMATE.
RESULTS: Compared to adjacent normal tissues,
CTHRC1 was found to be highly overexpressed in tumors. Increased expression of CTHRC1 was more evident in the advanced stage of HNSCC and predicted a poor prognosis. Most genes related to CTHRC1 in HNSCC were enriched in physiological functions of Extracellular matrix(ECM) and tumor. Furthermore, several immune checkpoints, such as TNFSF4 and CD276 have been shown to be associated with CTHRC1 expression. Notably, the level of CTHRC1 expression correlated significantly with immune infiltration levels, particularly activated macrophages in HNSCC.
CONCLUSIONS: High expression of CTHRC1 predicts poor prognosis and is associated with immune infiltration in HNSCC, confirming its utility as a tumor marker for HNSCC.
BACKGROUND: Not applicable. All data are from public databases and do not contain any clinical trials.